THE SWITCH TO FLOWERING: GENES INVOLVED IN FLORAL INDUCTION OF THE APPLE CULTIVAR 'PINOVA' AND THE ROLE OF THE FLOWERING GENE MdFT

Hättasch, C.; Flachowsky, Henryk; Hanke, Magda‐Viola; Lehmann, Sandra; Gau, Achim E.; Kapturska, Danuta

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2009.839.96

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…FT-homologous genes were found on LG 4 and LG 12 of the apple genome, but QTL's for juvenile phase length have been mapped on LG 3 and LG 15 (Liebhard et al 2003). The mRNA expression level of MdFT was studied in leaves collected from the 1st to the 80th node of oneyear-old apple seedlings of the cross 'Braeburn' £ 'Pisaxa' by Hättasch et al (2009). The expression level was low in older basal leaves and increased drastically in leaves of the 70th/80th node where the transition from the juvenile to the adult stage occurs in apple seedlings (Zimmerman 1973).…”

Section: Over-expression Of Mdft1 In Applementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, smaller seedlings reaching only the 38th or 53rd node showed comparable transcript levels in the leaf of the top node as seedlings reaching 80 nodes. Hättasch et al (2009) assumed that the high transcript levels found at the 70th/80th node depend rather on the top position of the leaf than on the transition process in the meristem.…”

Section: Over-expression Of Mdft1 In Applementioning

confidence: 99%

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Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

Tränkner

Lehmann

Hoenicka

et al. 2010

Planta

145

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The protein encoded by the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana seems to be the long-searched florigen, and over-expression of FT orthologues resulted in accelerated flower development in annual and perennial plants. In the present study, we isolated two allelic mRNA sequences of an FT-homologous gene from apple, which was designated as MdFT1. Using a SSR motif this gene was mapped on LG 12 of apple. Over-expression of MdFT1 in Arabidopsis and the commercially important tree species poplar and apple itself using the CaMV 35S or the Arabidopsis Suc2 promoter resulted in significant accelerated flowering compared with wild-type plants. Transgenic T(0) plants of Arabidopsis flowered 4-6 days on average earlier than wild-type Arabidopsis under LD conditions. Under short-day conditions Suc2::MdFT1 plants of the T(1)-generation flowered after 66 ± 18 days, while wild-type plants flowered about 22 days later. All transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed a normal habit except for the early flowering phenotype. Early flowering was detected 6-10 months after transformation in transgenic polar clones containing MdFT1 driven by the CaMV 35S, whereas plants of the transgenic apple clone T780 set up its first flowers during in vitro cultivation. Based on our results we conclude that MdFT1 is responsible for inducing flowering and that the function of the apple FT1 gene is conserved in annual herbaceous species as well as perennial woody species. Furthermore, we discuss the role of MdFT1 in flower development with regard to the findings of genetic studies on apple.

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Section: Over-expression Of Mdft1 In Applementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Over-expression Of Mdft1 In Applementioning

confidence: 99%

Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

Tränkner

Lehmann

Hoenicka

et al. 2010

Planta

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Our knowledge about the time of the different reproductive development stages is very important to ensure successful production and improve orchard management [24]. Previous studies indicated that walnut flower induction occurs a few weeks after the full bloom stage [5,[25][26][27]. Also, they state that flower initiation is in the late summer [24,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FT and SOC1 are likely representing the integration points of flowering pathways that enhance the expression of floral meristem identity genes [42][43][44]. A study on apple trees showed that the transcription of MdSOC1 was activated when the flower was induced [25]. In Arabidopsis, FT activates the expression of SOC1 [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development

et al. 2020

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Background: Flower development and sufficient fruit set are important parameters with respect to walnut yield. Knowledge about flowering genes of fruit trees can help to conduct better molecular breeding programs. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the expression pattern of some flowering genes (FT, SOC1, CAL, LFY and TFL1) in Persian walnut (cv. Chandler) during the growing season and winter dormancy. Results: The results showed that walnut flower induction and initiation in Shahmirzad, Iran occurred in early June and late September, respectively. After meeting chilling and heat requirement, flower differentiation and anthesis occurred in late-March and mid-April to early-May, respectively. Study of flowering gene expression showed that the expression of the FT gene increased in three stages including before breaking of bud dormancy, from late March to late April (coincided with flower differentiation and anthesis) and from late May to mid-June (coincided with flower induction). Like FT, the expression of SOC1 gene increased during flower induction and initiation (mid-May to early-August) as well as flower anthesis (mid-April to early-May). LFY and CAL genes as floral meristem identity genes are activated by FT and SOC1 genes. In contrast with flowering stimulus genes, TFL1 showed overexpression during winter dormancy which prevented flowering. Conclusion: The expression of FT gene activated downstream floral meristem identity genes including SOC1, CAL and LFY which consequently led to release bud dormancy as well as flower anthesis and induction. Also, TFL1 as a flowering inhibitor gene in walnut showed overexpression during the bud dormancy. Chilling accumulation reduced TFL1 gene expression and increased the expression of flowering genes which ultimately led to overcome dormancy.

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“…In our study, the expression of MdFT1 in HCT + CKODA + reached a peak earlier and higher than in HCT + CKODA -. It has been reported that the increase of MdFT1 (Hättasch et al, 2009;Kotoda et al, 2010) and AFL1 and AFL2 transcription levels (apple orthologs of LFY) (Wada et al, 2002) in the apical meristems of one-year-old apple shoots began 1 to 2 weeks earlier than flower initiation. In our study, MdFT1 expression levels in HCT + CKODAwere higher than those in Shade + CKODAat 21 to 49 DAFB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of an Analog of 9, 10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA), Affected Flower Bud Formation and MdTFL1 and MdFT1 Gene Expressions in Apple Buds under Heavy-crop and Shade Conditions

Kittikorn¹,

Okawa²,

Ohara³

et al. 2013

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Changes of endogenous 9, 10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA) concentrations, which is synthesized from linolenic acid by 9-lipoxygenase, were analyzed in apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] buds. In addition, the effects of 15, 16-chloro, hydroxy-9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (CKODA) application, which is an analog of KODA, on flower bud formation and the expression of MdTFL1 (terminal flower 1) and MdFT1 (flowering locus t 1) genes in apple buds were investigated in heavy-crop treatment (HCT) and under shade. An increase of endogenous KODA in the buds in the fruit-thinning treatment, which resulted in a higher proportion of flower bud formation than in HCT, was observed at 63 days after full bloom, but no such increase was found in HCT. In the shade-treated and heavy-crop trees, the expression of MdTFL1 in the buds to which CKODA was applied was lower than that in untreated buds. In contrast, under shade, the expression of MdFT1 in the CKODA-treated buds was higher than that in untreated buds. These results suggest that endogenous KODA may be associated with flower bud formation, and its application may be effective at improving the proportion of flower bud formation through its effect on MdTFL1 and MdFT1.

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THE SWITCH TO FLOWERING: GENES INVOLVED IN FLORAL INDUCTION OF THE APPLE CULTIVAR 'PINOVA' AND THE ROLE OF THE FLOWERING GENE MdFT

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants

Flowering in Persian walnut: patterns of gene expression during flower development

Application of an Analog of 9, 10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA), Affected Flower Bud Formation and MdTFL1 and MdFT1 Gene Expressions in Apple Buds under Heavy-crop and Shade Conditions

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