The swine enteric virome in a commercial production system and its association with neonatal diarrhea

Detection and genetic characterization of enteric viruses in diarrhoea outbreaks from swine farms in Spain

“…A higher proportion of viral enteric co-infections, close to 70%, has been described on swine farms from Asia [4,40]. In agreement with previous studies conducted in Europe [49], China [4,47] or Canada [44], the number of different virus species detected within an outbreak increased with the age of the affected pigs. Hence, single infections were more common in nursing piglets while simultaneous co-infections with up to ve viruses were observed in postweaning and fattening pigs.…”

“…Three age distribution patterns were observed among the investigated enteric viruses. Similarly to previous studies in China [16,47], Canada [44] and several European countries [38, 49,50], PKoV were more prevalent in nursing and postweaning piglets as compared with fattening stages. A similar distribution has been reported for RVC [3] and was con rmed in our research, with no positive RVC outbreak occurring after weaning.…”

“…In addition, several other swine enteric viruses such as Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) [15][16][17][18][19][20], Porcine kobuvirus (PKoV) [16, [21][22][23][24], Porcine torovirus (PToV) [25][26][27][28][29], Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) [30][31][32][33][34] or Porcine mastadenovirus (PAdV) [1,[35][36][37] have been detected in pigs with diarrhoea worldwide (Table 1), although their etiological role remains unclear. These viruses are frequently identi ed in co-infections with CoVs and RVs [4,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], and are also commonly detected in healthy animals [39,[46][47][48][49][50]. The enteropathogenicity of PAstV, MRV and PAdV has been demonstrated on experimentally infected conventional piglets [51][52][53][54][55], but to the best of the authors' knowledge, no experimental challenge has been reported for PKoV and PToV.…”

Longitudinal Investigation of Enteric Virome Signatures from Parental-Generation to Offspring Pigs

“…A recent study on the human gut microbiome constructed reference databases of DNA viruses by using an assembly metagenomic approach, and more than 75% of the genomes represented double-stranded DNA phages that infect members of the classes Bacteroidia and Clostridia ( 25 ). At present, most studies on swine enteric viruses have focused mainly on disease models ( 26 , 27 ). In fact, as the main component of the gut microbiome, enteric viruses play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and physiological functions ( 28 ).…”

Landscapes of Enteric Virome Signatures in Early-Weaned Piglets

“…Early-weaning-induced stress has been widely demonstrated to cause intestinal inflammatory responses in piglets ( 39 – 41 ). A previous study provided preliminary insights into the relationship between the enteric virome and diarrhea in neonatal piglets of commercial production systems ( 42 ). However, the role of the gut virome in early-weaned piglets with diarrhea has not been explored.…”