The survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in open air conditions

Donaldson, A.I.; Ferris, N.P.

doi:10.1017/s002217240004691x

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…This correlation might be due to either an increase in potential for transmission or from higher virus survival in a more humid microclimate around water sources (Donaldson and Ferris, 1975;Dawe et al, 1994). The equal distribution of prevalence in abattoir and cattle market samples from study area is insignificant, which could be attributable to the fact that most of the cattle population being slaughtered in Nigeria abattoirs are directly purchased from the local cattle markets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence and exposure factors associated with seropositivity of cattle in north-central, Nigeria

Wungak¹,

Olugasa²,

Ishola³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-andmouth disease (FMD) seropositivity in north central, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was undertaken from February 2013 to April 2014 using 1206 sera from 150 herds collected by multi-stage and random sampling methods. Pre-tested questionnaire were also administered to participating farmers to collect information on the animal herd structure, movement pattern, management system and herds contact at watering points. Samples collected were tested for evidence of FMD antibodies using the 3ABC nonstructural antibodies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall seroprevalence of FMD in North-Central Nigeria was found to be 70.98% (95% CI: 68.37-73.49). FMD seroprevalence was found to be higher in Niger State 85.4% (95% CI: 83.46-88.03) relative to Plateau State 54.2% (95% CI: 50.12-58.16), which was statistically associated with FMD seropositivity (P<0.05). Risk factors such as sex, management system, trans-boundary crossing and herd mixing at the watering point were found to be statistically associated with FMD seropositivity (p<0.05). This confirms that FMD is enzootic in the study area and control of foot and mouth disease in Nigeria using animal movement control and vaccination is therefore advocated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence and exposure factors associated with seropositivity of cattle in north-central, Nigeria

Wungak¹,

Olugasa²,

Ishola³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…For example, poliovirus is infective at pH values of 3.0, while FMDV is labile below pH values of 6.0 (Racaniello, 2013). Additionally, while both, poliovirus and FMDV have been shown to persist longer when the virus was inoculated onto a faecal media, and conditions in TA B L E 1 This table provides references by grouping for current models used for strategic policy development and studies that were either removed from further analysis or included for the full statistical analysis References Group # of Studies (Andel, 2018;Dórea, Nöremark, Widgren, & Frössling, 2017;East et al, 2016;Gale et al, 2015;Garner & Beckett, 2005;Harvey et al, 2007;Hayama, Yamamoto, Kobayashi, Muroga, & Tsutsui, 2013;Keeling et al, 2001;SANSON et al, 2011;Stevenson et al, 2013;Tildesley & Ryan, 2012;Traulsen, Rave, Teuffert, & Krieter, 2011) Current Policy Models - (Barlow, 1972;Barlow & Donaldson, 1973;Donaldson, 1972;Donaldson & Ferris, 1975) Removed 4 (Alexandersen et al, 2002;Bedson et al, 1927;Bøtner & Belsham, 2012;Donaldson et al, 1970;Eisner & McVicar, 1980;Grzitdnov, 1957;Hyslop, 1965;Kindiakov, 1960;McColl et al, 1995;Nauryzbaev, 1966;Olitsky et al, 1928;Pacheco et al, 2017;Rozov, 1966;Sellers & Parker, 1969;Shil'nikov, 1959;Wagener, 1928) Included 16…”

Section: The Influence Of Environmental Factors On Viral Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental persistence of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus applied to endemic regions

Mielke

Garabed

2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The consequences of foot‐and‐mouth disease impact regional economies and food security through animal mortality and morbidity, trade restrictions and burdens to veterinary infrastructure. Despite efforts to control the disease, some regions, mostly in warmer climates, persistently report disease outbreaks. Consequently, it is necessary to understand how environmental factors influence transmission, of this economically devastating disease. Extensive research covers basic aetiology and transmission potential of livestock and livestock products for foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV), with a subset evaluating environmental survival. However, this subset, completed in the early to mid‐20th century in Northern Europe and the United States, is not easily generalized to today's endemic locations. This review uncovered 20 studies, to assess current knowledge and analyse the effects of environmental variables on FMDV survival, using a Cox proportional hazards (Coxph) model. However, the dataset is limited, for example pH was included in three studies and only five studies reported both relative humidity (RH) and temperature. After dropping pH from the analysis, our results suggest that temperature alone does not describe FMDV survival; instead, interactions between RH and temperature have broader impacts across various conditions. For instance, FMDV is expected to survive longer during the wet season (survival at day 50 is ~90% at 16°C and 86% RH) versus the dry season (survival at day 50 approaches 0% at 16°C and 37.5% RH) or comparatively in the UK versus the Southwestern United States. Additionally, survival on vegetation topped 70% on day 75 when conditions exceeded 20°C with high RH (86%), drastically higher than the survival on inanimate surfaces at the same temperature and RH (~0%). This is important in tropical regions, where high temperatures can persist throughout the year, but RH varies. Therefore, parameter estimates, for disease modelling and control in endemic areas, require environmental survival data from a wider range of conditions.

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“…Historical measurements showed that FMDV survival was highest for a relative humidity > 60%, reduced for 20-60%, and very small for < 20% (Donaldson, 1972). There is also a (qualitative) description on the effect of temperature: FDMV would survive for "long periods" at "low" temperatures and for "considerable periods" at temperatures in the range of 20-27°C (Donaldson, 1972;Donaldson and Ferris, 1975;Gloster et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Threshold Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric dispersion modelling of bioaerosols that are pathogenic to humans and livestock – A review to inform risk assessment studies

Leuken

Swart

Havelaar

et al. 2016

Microbial Risk Analysis

115

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The survival of foot-and-mouth disease virus in open air conditions

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence and exposure factors associated with seropositivity of cattle in north-central, Nigeria

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) prevalence and exposure factors associated with seropositivity of cattle in north-central, Nigeria

Environmental persistence of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus applied to endemic regions

Atmospheric dispersion modelling of bioaerosols that are pathogenic to humans and livestock – A review to inform risk assessment studies

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