The Surfactin-Like Lipopeptides From Bacillus spp.: Natural Biodiversity and Synthetic Biology for a Broader Application Range

Abstract

Surfactin is a lipoheptapeptide produced by several Bacillus species and identified for the first time in 1969. At first, the biosynthesis of this remarkable biosurfactant was described in this review. The peptide moiety of the surfactin is synthesized using huge multienzymatic proteins called NonRibosomal Peptide Synthetases. This mechanism is responsible for the peptide biodiversity of the members of the surfactin family. In addition, on the fatty acid side, fifteen different isoforms (from C12 to C17) can be incorporated so increasing the number of the surfactin-like biomolecules. The review also highlights the last development in metabolic modeling and engineering and in synthetic biology to direct surfactin biosynthesis but also to generate novel derivatives. This large set of different biomolecules leads to a broad spectrum of physico-chemical properties and biological activities. The last parts of the review summarized the numerous studies related to the production processes optimization as well as the approaches developed to increase the surfactin productivity of Bacillus cells taking into account the different steps of its biosynthesis from gene transcription to surfactin degradation in the culture medium.

Microbial Biocontrol Strategies for Ambrosia Beetles and Their Associated Phytopathogenic Fungi

“…-No significant fungitoxicity AC refers to acyl chain of the fatty acid. compounds from the iturin and surfactin families, which have been previously described for their antifungal activities (Malfanova et al, 2012;Torres et al, 2017;Théatre et al, 2021). The inhibition of F. kuroshium by Bacillus natural products was further reported by Guevara-Avendaño et al (2020) and Báez-Vallejo et al (2020).…”

Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance

“…Pumilacidins are members of the surfactin family. The compounds differ from surfactin with a leucine in position 4 instead of a valine and an isoleucine or valine at position 7 instead of a leucine [ 42 ]. Pumilacidins are known to be produced by B. pumilus [ 43 , 44 ] and by B. safensis [ 45 ], two species closely related to B. altitudinis.…”

“…However, variations in molecular structure of the peptide part can impact the physicochemical properties of a CLiP. The presence of a Leu4 in pumilacidin instead of a Val4, as in surfactin, appears to increase the critical micellar concentration value [ 42 ]. The final surface tension value of pumilacidin is also higher when compared to surfactin [ 45 ], so it cannot be excluded that this has an effect on ISR in rice.…”

Surfactin attenuates particulate matter‐induced COX‐2‐dependent PGE2 production in human gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/NADPH oxidase/ROS/PI3K/Akt/NF‐κB signaling pathway

“…Consequently, surfactin possesses amphiphilic nature and versatile physicochemical properties, resulting in a variety of biological activities. 8,9 In this study, surfactin was assumed to exert therapeutic effectiveness via anti-inflammatory activities in PMexposed HGFs and mice models. To examine our hypothesis, the production of PGE 2 regulated by COX-2 was evaluated because PGE 2 is an important inflammatory mediator associated with oral conditions such as periodontal diseases.…”