The Surface Treatment and Finishing of Aluminium and Its Alloys, 2nd, Ed.

Wernick, S.; Pinner, R.; Myers, H. S.

doi:10.1149/1.2428119

Cited by 59 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…[1] A typical anodization process involves electrochemical oxidation of aluminum under a galvanostatic or potentiostatic condition using an appropriate acid electrolyte (e.g., sulfuric, oxalic, or phosphoric acid) in order to form porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film that is conformally in contact with the underlying metal. The morphology of AAO consists of hexagonal arrays of straight long cylindrical nanopores oriented perpendicular to the metal/oxide interface, where each pore is closed by a thin barrier oxide layer with hemispherical geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Current Oscillations during Hard Anodization of Aluminum under Potentiostatic Conditions

Lee

Kim

Gösele

2009

Adv Funct Materials

148

106

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Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide is prepared by hard anodization of aluminum under potentiostatic conditions using 0.3 M H2C2O4. Under unstirred electrolyte condition, spontaneous current oscillations are observed. The amplitude and period of these current oscillations are observed to increase with anodization time. As a consequence of the oscillatory behavior, the resulting anodic alumina exhibits modulated pore structures, in which the diameter contrast and the length of pore modulation increase with the amplitude and the period of current oscillations, respectively, and the current peak profile determines the internal geometry of oxide nanopores. The mechanism responsible for the oscillatory behavior is suggested to be a diffusion‐controlled anodic oxidation of aluminum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Current Oscillations during Hard Anodization of Aluminum under Potentiostatic Conditions

Lee

Kim

Gösele

2009

Adv Funct Materials

148

106

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“…TEM studies establish that the net result of the sealing transformation is the formation of a coating with three well-defined layers: an outer pseudoboehmite layer, an intermediate high density hydrated oxide layer, and an inner layer in which the cell structure remains the same but the pores are partially filled with a gel of aluminium hydroxide and the pore wall material is partly dissolved [8] .…”

Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 96%

Contribution of electron microscopy to the study of sealing processes in oxalic anodised aluminium

Bartolomé¹,

López²,

Escudero³

et al. 2007

Rev. metal.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of anodic coatings reveals a substructure in which three regions are clearly differentiated: a very thin band at the hexagonal cell boundaries; the cell walls contaminated with anions from the anodising bath; and the hydrated alumina that fills the pores with a certain amount of retained water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) appears to be a highly suitable tool to observe, at the surface and at more internal levels, the structural changes associated with each sealing degree. Both types of electron microscopy allow the possibility to visualise the different stages of the very complex sealing and ageing mechanisms indirectly determined by gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. KeywordsOxalic anodised aluminium. Sealing. Electron microscopy.Contribución de la microscopía electrónica al estudio de los procesos de sellado en el aluminio anodizado en ácido oxálico

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“…Thus, on one end of the scale, good results have been obtained by chromium plating cutting tools tipped with tungsten carbide [188]. On the other hand, zinc alloy dies for autostamping have been chromium plated for longer life [189,190], and the hard chromium plating of aluminum has been developed [191][192][193], especially in connection with small internal combustion engine cylinders [191,194,195].…”

Section: Hard Chromium Platingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Chromium

Mandich¹,

Snyder²

2010

Modern Electroplating

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Electroplated chromium deposits rank among the most important plated metals and are used almost exclusively as the final deposit on parts. Without the physical properties offered by electroplated chromium deposits, the service life of most parts would be much shorter due to wear, corrosion, and the like. Parts would have to be replaced or repaired more frequently, or they would have to be made from more expensive materials, thus wasting valuable resources.The thickness of electroplated chromium deposits falls into two classifications: decorative and functional. Decorative deposits are usually under 0.80 mm in thickness. They offer a pleasing, reflective appearance while also providing corrosion resistance, lubricity, and durability. Decorative chromium deposits are typically plated over nickel but are occasionally plated directly over the substrate of the part.Functional ''hard chrome'' deposits have a thickness customarily greater than 0.80 mm and are used for industrial, not decorative, applications. In contrast to decorative deposits, functional chromium is usually plated directly on the substrate and only occasionally over other electrodeposits, such as nickel. Industrial coatings take advantage of the special properties of chromium, including resistance to heat, hardness, wear, corrosion, and erosion, and a low coefficient of friction. Even though it has nothing to do with performance, many users want their functional chromium deposits also to be decorative in appearance. Functional deposits are also used on parts such as cutting tools and strip steel and are even thinner than decorative deposits.The most common and oldest commercial type of chromium process utilizes hexavalent chromium (Cr 6 þ ) in an aqueous solution containing one or more catalysts. The

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The Surface Treatment and Finishing of Aluminium and Its Alloys, 2nd, Ed.

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Spontaneous Current Oscillations during Hard Anodization of Aluminum under Potentiostatic Conditions

Spontaneous Current Oscillations during Hard Anodization of Aluminum under Potentiostatic Conditions

Contribution of electron microscopy to the study of sealing processes in oxalic anodised aluminium

Electrodeposition of Chromium

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