The surface segregation behavior of manganese and nickel in iron

Effects of helium content of microstructural development in Type 316 stainless steel under neutron irradiation

“…331 *' 335 Impurities like phosphorus and sulfur (and to a lesser extent carbon and nitrogen) are often highly enriched at surfaces and boundaries In steels during hightemperature aging, due to equilibrium segregation. 333 * 336 ' 337 Manganese enrichment has also been observed in dilute iron-base alloys 338 and was attributed to the vacancy drag mechanism. Carbon segregates to disloca tions (Cottrell atmosphere effect), and together with other solutes like titanium and niobium, to stacking faults (Suzuki effect).…”

A comparative study of methods for thin-film and surface analysis

“…It has been found to be in the range 5 n m s Az 6 100 +m for copper-base alloys (Maier et a1 1979). Using a similar technique, semiconductor materials (Schelpakowa et a1 1982), iron-base alloys and steel have been profiled by electropolishing to perform trace analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (Wayman and Gray 1974, Hudson et a1 1976, Kirchheim et a1 1981, Demeny 1982, Demeny et a1 1984.…”