The Sulfate Transporter Family in Wheat: Tissue-Specific Gene Expression in Relation to Nutrition

Abstract

Sulfate uptake and distribution in plants are managed by the differential expression of a family of transporters, developmentally, spatially, and in response to sulfur nutrition. Elucidation of the signaling pathways involved requires a knowledge of the component parts and their interactions. Here, the expression patterns of the full complement of sulfate transporters in wheat, as influenced by development and sulfur nutrition, are described. The 10 wheat sulfate transporters characterized here are compared to the gene families for both rice and Brachypodium, for whom full genome information is available. Expression is reported in young seedlings with a focus on roles in uptake from nutrient solution and differential expression in relation to sulfate deprivation. In addition, patterns of expression in all organs at the grain filling stage are reported and indicate differential responses to nutritional signals of the individual transporters in specific tissues and an overall coordination of uptake, storage, and remobilization to deliver sulfur to the developing grain.

Enhanced Iron and Selenium Uptake in Plants by Volatile Emissions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BF06)

“…The low-affinity sulfate transporters AtSULTR2;1 and AtSULTR2;2 have also been found to catalyze Se uptake into the stele cells, and the activity of AtSULTR2;1 can be positively regulated by the AtSULTR3;5 that does not directly catalyze Se transport [72]. Additionally, increased Se availability can induce the expression of SULTR2;1 and SULTR2;2 in Arabidopsis [60,73,74]. Intriguingly, the transcription levels of SULRT2 are greater in the roots of Se hyperaccumulator species than non-Se hyperaccumulator species, indicating that high-level expression of SULRT2 contributed to the increased Se flux from roots to shoots in the hyperaccumulator species [75].…”

The interplay between sulfur and iron nutrition in tomato

“…3, A and B). Previously, such high-affinity group 1 STs were characterized as being responsible for the primary uptake of sulfate by the root (Buchner et al, 2010). However, several studies also showed the presence of their transcripts in shoots of S-deficient plants, suggesting a further function for S distribution into different cell types in different tissues (Koralewska et al, 2007;Ciaffi et al, 2013).…”

Influence of Sulfur Deficiency on the Expression of Specific Sulfate Transporters and the Distribution of Sulfur, Selenium, and Molybdenum in Wheat

“…Specific gene expression values were normalized to the actin2 or proteasome subunit family protein expression value, and relative values (with respect to the 2S at the first time point measured for any specific tissue) are presented. A comparison of absolute expression levels for the different transporters in different wheat tissues is presented by Buchner et al (2010).…”

“…Genome analysis and systematic cloning studies indicate that wheat, Brassica oleracea, and rice (Oryza sativa) have similar sulfate transporter gene groups, and it is probable that close homologs have similar functions (Buchner et al, 2004a(Buchner et al, , 2004c(Buchner et al, , 2010. The phylogenetic relationships of Arabidopsis and wheat sulfate transporters are shown in Figure 1.…”