The Suitability of 3D Data: 3D Digitisation of Human Remains

Abstract

________________________________________________________________The use of 3D data in the analysis of skeletal and fossil materials has conveyed numerous advantages in many fields; however, as the availability and use of 3D scanning equipment are rapidly increasing, it is important for researchers to consider whether these methods are suitable for the proposed study. The issue of suitability has been largely overlooked in previous research; for instance, casts and reconstruction methods are frequently used to increase sample sizes, without sufficient assessment of the effect, this may have on the accuracy and reliability of results. Furthermore, the reliability of geometric morphometric methods and the implications of virtual curation have not received sufficient consideration. This paper discusses the suitability of 3D research with regard to the accuracy, reliability, and accessibility of methods and materials, as well as the effects of the current learning environment. Areas where future work will progress 3D research are proposed. ________________________________________________________________Résumé: L'utilisation de données 3D dans l'analyse de matériaux squelettiques et fossiles a fourni de nombreux avantages dans plusieurs domaines, mais comme la disponibilité et l'utilisation de l'équipement de balayage 3D connaissent une montée rapide, les chercheurs doivent se demander si ces méthodes conviennent à l'étude proposée. Le problème de la convenance a été largement ignoré dans les recherches précédentes. Pour cas, des méthodes de moulage et de reconstruction sont souvent utilisées pour augmenter la taille des échantillons sans d'abord évaluer avec précision l'effet de celles-ci sur l'exactitude et la fiabilité des résultats. Qui plus est, la fiabilité des méthodes morphométriques géométriques et les répercussions de la conservation virtuelle n'ont pas fait l'objet de suffisamment d'attention. Le présent article discute de la convenance des recherches 3D relativement à l'exactitude, la fiabilité et l'accessibilité des méthodes et matériaux, ainsi que des effets de l'environnement d'apprentissage actuel. Nous y proposons des domaines où les travaux futurs feront avancer la recherche 3D. ________________________________________________________________Resumen: El uso de datos tridimensionales en el análisis de material esqueléticos y fó siles ha proporcionado numerosas ventajas en muchos campos, sin embargo, dado que la disponibilidad y el uso de equipos de escaneo en 3D está aumentando rápidamente, es importante que los investigadores consideren si estos métodos son adecuados para el estudio propuesto. En gran parte el tema de la idoneidad ha sido pasado por alto en investigaciones previas; por ejemplo, con frecuencia se utilizan moldes y métodos de reconstrucció n para aumentar el tamañ o de las muestras, sin una evaluació n suficiente del efecto que esto puede tener en la precisió n y confiabilidad de los resultados. Además, la confiabilidad de los métodos morfométricos geométricos y las implicacio...

Augmented Reality in Tracking the Surface Geometry Change of Cultural Heritage Objects

“…The entire process of recording involves the selection of the objects to be digitized, method of collecting the information from the object, digital data processing, analyzing, visualization and reconstruction of the surfaces. The 3D digitization [8] system is influenced by the suitability of application of a method on an object such as: 6. The complexity of the developed algorithm in terms of space and time.…”

Effective approaches to three-dimensional digital reconstruction of fragmented human skeletal remains using laser surface scanning

“…The current decade has seen the rapid development of new methods of imaging, visualizing and analysing human skeletal remains [ 9 ]. Traditional crime scene and forensic reconstruction and documentation methods are now giving way to three-dimensional (3D) imaging [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ].…”

“…Traditional crime scene and forensic reconstruction and documentation methods are now giving way to three-dimensional (3D) imaging [ [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ]. Methods include X-ray computed tomography (including micro-CT) [ 14 , 15 ], laser scanning [ 15 , 16 ], structured-light scanning [ 16 ], and 3D photogrammetry [ 9 , 17 ]. A number of researchers have emphasized the clear advantages to 3D digitization over other recording techniques i.e.…”

“…A number of researchers have emphasized the clear advantages to 3D digitization over other recording techniques i.e. examination of fragile and otherwise inaccessible material, the production of affordable, high-quality replicas for display, teaching, and research, increased accuracy and enhanced data sharing [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , 17 , 18 ]. The use of surface scanning in forensic anthropology and medicine has been well established [ 19 ], in contexts such as the analysis of burned remains [ 20 ], replication of anthropological specimens for curation and illustration [ 20 ], recording taphonomic changes [ 21 ], evaluating trauma [ 1 , 22 ], determining bullet pathways [ 23 ], and presenting evidence in court [ [24] , [25] , [26] ].…”

“…3D printing is an advanced technology that creates a model similar to the original object [ 9 ]. One of the earliest medical modelling applications involved the 3D printing of anatomical study models [ 27 ].…”