The Submerged Breakwater as Prototype of Coastal Protection in Gili Trawangan, Lombok, Indonesia

Environmental impacts of shore revetment

“…However, removing the revetments for aesthetic reasons is not a wise choice because it can allow coastal erosion to re-happen and threaten nearby buildings’ safety [ 41 ]. Reference [ 90 ] evaluated a collapsed revetment in Lombok. They found that large waves overwashed and flooded backshore lowlands, severely damaging public roads and properties, reflecting a loss of tourist attractions.…”

Environmental impact of submerged and emerged breakwaters

“… Zahra (2018) highlighted that submerged breakwaters neither alter beaches nor block sight of horizons. Pradjoko et al. (2015) further evaluated submerged breakwaters and suggested that they were appropriate for coastal protection at Gili Trawangan, Lombok, Indonesia, due to their aesthetics and environmental considerations.…”

“…Regarding tourism and recreation, there is a unanimous agreement that submerged breakwaters do not destroy beach aesthetics and promote tourism ( Pradjoko et al., 2015 ; Pranzini et al., 2018 ). However, for emerged breakwaters, there are many disagreements about their impacts on the tourism, depending on how researchers want to persuade readers.…”

Disaster impacts, resilience, and sustainability opportunities for Gili Trawangan, Indonesia: transdisciplinary reflections following COVID‐19

“…The cooperative recovery efforts following the earthquakes in August 2018 indicates a high level of community resilience following a short-term local disaster (Partelow, 2020). Moreover, numerous articles have been published about the island and cultural and economic impacts , 2019, critiquing ecotourism (Halim, 2017), breakwater protection (Pradjoko et al, 2015), and religiosity (Varga et al, 2018).…”