The subgingival microbiome, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study

Demmer, Ryan T.; Breskin, Alexander; Rosenbaum, Michael; Zuk, Aleksandra M.; LeDuc, Charles A.; Leibel, Rudolph L.; Paster, Bruce J.; Desvarieux, Moïse; Jacobs, David R.; Papapanou, Panos N.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12664

Cited by 89 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In a large study by DESVARIEUX and coworkers, an overall subgingival bacterial burden (11 species) was not associated with CRP concentration or white blood cell count . In a more recent work, a systemic inflammatory score was inversely associated with actinobacteria and proteobacteria and directly with Firmicutes and the candidate phylum, TM7 . Before correction for multiple comparisons, the study revealed 18 individual taxa associating with the inflammatory score.…”

Section: Oral Microbiota and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 78%

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Pietiäinen

Liljestrand

Kopra

et al. 2018

European J Oral Sciences

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Clinical periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through systemic inflammation as the etiopathogenic link. Whether the oral microbiota, especially its quality, quantity, serology, and virulence factors, plays a role in atherogenesis is not clarified. Patients with periodontitis are exposed to bacteria and their products, which have access to the circulation directly through inflamed oral tissues and indirectly (via saliva) through the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in systemic inflammatory and immunologic responses. Periodontitis is associated with persistent endotoxemia, which has been identified as a notable cardiometabolic risk factor. The serology of bacterial biomarkers for oral dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis, prevalent and future coronary artery disease, and incident and recurrent stroke. In addition to species-specific antibodies, the immunologic response includes persistent, cross-reactive, proatherogenic antibodies against host-derived antigens. Periodontitis may affect lipoprotein metabolism at all levels, and all lipoprotein classes are affected. Periodontitis or its bacterial signatures may be involved not only in increased storage of proatherogenic lipids but also in attenuation of the anti-atherogenic processes, thereby putatively increasing the net risk of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarize possible molecular mediators between the dysbiotic oral microbiota and atherosclerotic processes.

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Section: Oral Microbiota and Cvdmentioning

confidence: 78%

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Pietiäinen

Liljestrand

Kopra

et al. 2018

European J Oral Sciences

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“…This shift increases pathogenicity as shown by changes in the oral cavity of diabetic mice including higher levels of Proteobacteria ( Enterobacteriaceae ) and Firmicutes ( Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Aerococcus ) that are associated with infectious processes, periodontitis and delayed wound healing in diabetic animals (Grice et al, 2010a; Souto and Colombo, 2008; Vieira Colombo et al, 2016). Overall, the Firmicutes phylum is positively associated with periodontitis and insulin resistance (Demmer et al, 2016). Enterococcus was also the predominant taxa in recipient mice which had bacteria transferred from diabetic animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Enhances IL-17 Expression and Alters the Oral Microbiome to Increase Its Pathogenicity

Xiao

Mattos

Vieira

et al. 2017

Cell Host & Microbe

269

211

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Diabetes is a risk factor for periodontitis, an inflammatory bone disorder and the greatest cause of tooth loss in adults. Diabetes has a significant impact on the gut microbiota, however studies in the oral cavity have been inconclusive. By 16s rRNA sequencing we show here that diabetes causes a shift in oral bacterial composition and, by transfer to germ free mice, that the oral microbiota of diabetic mice is more pathogenic. Furthermore, treatment with IL-17 antibody decreases the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota in diabetic mice; when transferred to recipient germ-free mice oral microbiota from IL-17-treated donors induced reduced neutrophil recruitment, reduced IL-6 and RANKL, and less bone resorption. Thus, diabetes-enhanced IL-17 alters the oral microbiota and renders it more pathogenic. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis to better understand how diabetes can increase the risk and severity of tooth loss.

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“…The differential oral microbial patterns noted in our study may result in a differential effect on metabolic alterations. Indeed, oral TM7 has been associated with a higher inflammatory score (60), a high risk of periodontitis and with human inflammatory mucosal diseases (61). Furthermore, Fusobacterium species have an important function in the subgingival biofilm which allows periodontal bacteria aggregation (62), increasing the risk of periodontitis, and has also been also related to other inflammatory problems, such as obesity (63, 64).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of food intake impacts daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota: a randomized, crossover study

Collado¹,

et al. 2018

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The composition of the diet (what we eat) has been widely related to the microbiota profile. However, whether the timing of food consumption (when we eat) influences microbiota in humans is unknown. A randomized, crossover study was performed in 10 healthy normal-weight young women to test the effect of the timing of food intake on the human microbiota in the saliva and fecal samples. More specifically, to determine whether eating late alters daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota, we interrogated salivary microbiota in samples obtained at 4 specific time points over 24 h, to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between food timing and metabolic alterations in humans. Results revealed significant diurnal rhythms in salivary diversity and bacterial relative abundance (i.e., TM7 and Fusobacteria) across both early and late eating conditions. More importantly, meal timing affected diurnal rhythms in diversity of salivary microbiota toward an inverted rhythm between the eating conditions, and eating late increased the number of putative proinflammatory taxa, showing a diurnal rhythm in the saliva. In a randomized, crossover study, we showed for the first time the impact of the timing of food intake on human salivary microbiota. Eating the main meal late inverts the daily rhythm of salivary microbiota diversity which may have a deleterious effect on the metabolism of the host.-Collado, M. C., Engen, P. A., Bandín, C., Cabrera-Rubio, R., Voigt, R. M., Green, S. J., Naqib, A., Keshavarzian, A., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Garaulet, M. Timing of food intake impacts daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota: a randomized, crossover study. FASEB J. 32, 2060FASEB J. 32, -2072FASEB J. 32, (2018. www.fasebj.orgRecent studies suggest that not only what we eat, but also when we eat may have a significant role in obesity treatment and metabolic alterations (1-6). Unusual feeding times can induce a disruption of the circadian system, which may lead to metabolic dysfunction (7-11). For example, in a longitudinal study of an overweight and obese Mediterranean population, our group demonstrated that those who ate lunch later in the day (main meal for this population) lost significantly less weight than those who ate lunch early, although early eaters (EEs) and late eaters (LEs) showed similar food intake, physical activity, sleep duration, and appetite-related hormone levels (2). Moreover, LEs had significantly higher insulin resistance. In the same line, a randomized, crossover study demonstrated that meal timing affects glucose tolerance, suggesting that eating late increases metabolic risk, even in healthy women (7).The importance of caloric distribution across the day in weight loss effectiveness was supported by a 12-wk experimental study showing that participants assigned to high caloric intake during breakfast lost significantly more weight than those assigned to high caloric intake ABBREVIATIONS: ANOSIM, analysis of similarity; BMI, body mass index; EE, early eater; F/B, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes; FD...

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The subgingival microbiome, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance: The Oral Infections, Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance Study

Cited by 89 publications

References 55 publications

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Mediators between oral dysbiosis and cardiovascular diseases

Diabetes Enhances IL-17 Expression and Alters the Oral Microbiome to Increase Its Pathogenicity

Timing of food intake impacts daily rhythms of human salivary microbiota: a randomized, crossover study

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