The Subependymal Cell Plate (Matrix) and its Relationship to Brain Tumors of the Ependymal Type

Globus, Joseph H.; Kuhlenbeck, Hartwig

doi:10.1097/00005072-194401000-00001

Cited by 193 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Germinal regions such as the SVZ have long been proposed as possible sources of gliomas [Globus and Kuhlenbeck, 1944;Lewis, 1968]. Many gliomas are either periventricular or contiguous with the SVZ, and they frequently express the progenitor cell marker nestin.…”

Section: Stem and Progenitor Cells In The Svz May Be A Cell Of Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Adult Neural Stem Cells and Their Relation to Brain Tumors

Jackson

Alvarez-Buylla²

2008

Cells Tissues Organs

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The adult mammalian brain contains neural stem cells that are capable of generating new neurons and glia over the course of a lifetime. Neural stem cells reside in 2 germinal niches, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus subgranular zone. These primary progenitors have been identified in their niche in vivo; these cells have characteristics of astrocytes. Recent studies have shown that adult SVZ stem cells are derived from radial glia, the stem cells in the developing brain, which in turn are derived from the neuroepithelum, the earliest brain progenitors. Thus, SVZ stem cells are a continuum from neuroepithelium to radial glia to astrocytes, and are contained within what has been considered the lineage for astrocytes. However, it seems that only a small subset of the astrocytes present in the adult brain have stem cell properties. Recent findings have shown that SVZ stem cell astrocytes express a receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), suggesting that the ability to respond to specific growth factor stimuli, such as PDGF, epidermal growth factor and others, may be unique to these stem cell astrocytes. Intriguingly, activation of these same signaling pathways is widely implicated in brain tumor formation. Since the adult brain has very few proliferating cells capable of accumulating the numerous mutations required for transformation, the adult neural stem and/or progenitor cells may be likely candidates for the brain tumor cell of origin. Indeed, activation of the PDGF or epidermal growth factor pathways in adult neural stem or progenitor cells confers tumor-like properties on these cells, lending support to this hypothesis.

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Section: Stem and Progenitor Cells In The Svz May Be A Cell Of Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Adult Neural Stem Cells and Their Relation to Brain Tumors

Jackson

Alvarez-Buylla²

2008

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The implication of such definitions is that these neoplasms originate from mature cell types. The alternative possibility, that gliomas arise from a dividing progenitor cell, has been raised on numerous occasions (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12); however, the testing of this hypothesis has been limited by the lack of phenotypic markers that identify specific progenitor cell populations in tissue sections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell antigens by gliomas: Implications for the histogenesis of brain tumors

Shoshan

Nishiyama

Chang

et al. 1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

116

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The early events in neoplastic transformation can be understood only by comparison of the neoplastic cell with its nontransformed counterpart. The most common central nervous system gliomas traditionally are thought to arise from mature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. We examined the possibility that gliomas arise from a population of glia that has properties of oligodendrocyte progenitors. These glial cells express the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and the ␣ receptor of platelet-derived growth factor in vivo. We identified NG2 and the ␣ receptor of platelet-derived growth factor expression in tissue from seven of seven oligodendrogliomas, three of three pilocytic astrocytomas, and one of five glioblastoma multiforme. These data provide evidence that glial tumors arise from glial progenitor cells. Molecules expressed by these progenitor cells should be considered as targets for novel therapeutics.

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“…This view is not entirely new and has been hypothesized in the past (Globus and Kuhlenbeck, 1944;Hamburger and Salmon, 1977), but recent findings provided compelling evidence of a hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells in various cancers related to normal development (Bonnet and Dick, 1997;Al-Hajj et al, 2003;Singh et al, 2003). Expression and mutation of components of multiple developmental signaling pathways such as BMP/TGF␤, WNT, Notch, and SHH have been demonstrated in various brain tumors, although their exact role(s) in tumorigenesis remains unclear.…”

Section: Perspectives/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 94%