The sub-chronic toxicity of regular White Spirit in rats

Carrillo, Juan-Carlos; Adenuga, David; McKee, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.007

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In repeated dose studies by either oral or inhalation routes, the principal effects are liver enlargement without pathological changes and male rat kidney effects consistent with an a2u-globulin-mediated process (Adenuga et al 2014b, Carrillo et al 2014, Carpenter et al 1978, Johannsen and Levinskas 1987, NTP 2005, OECD 2012d). These solvents are not mutagenic under in vitro or in vivo conditions (Amoruso et al 2008, Johnson et al 2012, NTP 2005, OECD 2012d), and they do not produce developmental or reproductive effects (Amoruso et al 2008, Johnson et al 2012, Ministry of Health and Welfare 1996, OECD 2012d.…”

Section: Heavy Aliphatic Solvents (C9-c20)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Scope and Purpose Of The Documentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, these solvents are not considered to be acutely toxic (Amoruso et al 2008), but they can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lungs as liquids. The principal target organ effects of aliphatic/aromatic solvents and similar substances include liver enlargement and male rat kidney effects, associated with a2u-globulin (Amoruso et al 2008, Carrillo et al 2014, Carpenter et al 1975c, Jenkins 1971, Rector et al 1966. The only fetal effects in developmental toxicity studies are developmental delays at maternally toxic levels (American Petroleum Institute 1977, 1979a, 1979b, Cooper and Mattie 1996, Jakobsen et al 1986, Schreiner et al 1997, and, based on studies of related substances, there is no evidence of impairment of fertility Sterner 2011, Schreiner et al 1997).…”

Section: Aliphatic/aromatic Solvents (C9-c20)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are some technical issues associated with repeated oral administration of solvents, and the utility of such data for risk assessment is somewhat limited as there are few end uses for these solvents that result in ingestion. For any of the toxicity studies of these solvents it is always necessary to consider whether or not the outcomes are related to the route of administration and whether or not the data that might be obtained from any particular study would be useful in assessing human risk.The above having been said, these solvents are not toxic in acute studies conducted in accordance with current guidelines, they are not dermal or ocular irritants, and they do not produce allergic contact dermatitis (Amoruso et al 2008, Carpenter et al 1978, Johnson et al 2012, Nilsen et al 1988, OECD 2012d.In repeated dose studies by either oral or inhalation routes, the principal effects are liver enlargement without pathological changes and male rat kidney effects consistent with an a2u-globulin-mediated process (Adenuga et al 2014b, Carrillo et al 2014, Carpenter et al 1978, Johannsen and Levinskas 1987, NTP 2005, OECD 2012d). These solvents are not mutagenic under in vitro or in vivo conditions (Amoruso et al 2008, Johnson et al 2012, NTP 2005, OECD 2012d), and they do not produce developmental or reproductive effects (Amoruso et al 2008, Johnson et al 2012, Ministry of Health and Welfare 1996, OECD 2012d.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…It has a distillation range of 153-194°C, an aromatic content of approximately 15%, and has predominant carbon numbers in the range of C9-C11. The overall composition of solvents of this type has remained relatively constant for the past 40 years (Carrillo et al 2014).In more recent years, solvents have become more highly refined and more narrowly defined in order to keep pace with evolving end use applications and other factors including technological developments, regulatory changes, and increased knowledge of the hazards of solvents and their constituents. Among the early but influential regulations with implications for solvent composition were those from the early 1960s including "Rule 66" in the Los Angeles area and Regulation 3 in San Francisco that limited the aromatic content of solvents to preserve air quality in California.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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Section: Heavy Aliphatic Solvents (C9-c20)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Scope and Purpose Of The Documentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aliphatic/aromatic Solvents (C9-c20)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Coal Tar, Crude Oil, and Derived Products

Ryman-Rasmussen

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Naturally occurring petroleum ranges in physical state from liquids to solids. Petroleum, its refining streams, and petroleum‐derived products are comprised of chemical compounds that can number in the thousands and that can vary in chemical composition due to variation in both source material and refining processes. As such, petroleum substances are Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, and Biological Materials, also known as UVCBs. Petroleum and its distillates have been divided into categories in the United States and European Union based on refining processes. These categories have been used as an organization point for hazard characterization by regulatory authorities in the United States and European Union. This chapter describes the production, physicochemical properties, exposure, and hazards for petroleum, petroleum streams, and petroleum‐derived products. For substances for which chemical constituents have been identified that are key drivers of hazard (e.g., benzo[ a ]pyrene), these constituents are discussed. Additionally, for some substances, information is provided on regulatory and/or advisory hazard classifications, status regarding Harmonised Classification and Labelling, or recommended exposure limits from regulatory authorities.

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The anti‐tussive, anti‐inflammatory effects and sub‐chronic toxicological evaluation of perilla seed oil

Zhang

Tian

Guan³

et al. 2020

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND Perilla seed oil (PSO) is the main constituent of perilla seeds currently being used in the food industry, however it also has great clinical potential in the regulation of lung function as a nutrition supplement because of the high content of α‐linolenic acid (ALA). In this study, the pharmacological activities including anti‐tussive, expectorant and anti‐inflammatory effect of PSO were performed. Furthermore, the 90‐day sub‐chronic oral toxicity with a 30 day recovery period was evaluated in Wistar rats. RESULTS The pharmacological studies demonstrated that PSO inhibited cough frequency induced by capsaicine in mice. PSO also inhibited the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release from the calcium ionophore A23187‐induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to some extent. In this sub‐chronic toxicity study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, necropsy, and histopathology were used to evaluate the toxicity of PSO. Lower body weight and various negative impacts on liver related parameters without histopathological lesion were observed in the 16 g kg−1 groups. No clinically significant changes were discovered in the 4 g kg−1 group during the test period. CONCLUSION In summary, PSO exhibited anti‐tussive and anti‐inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro. These sub‐chronic toxicity studies inferred that the ‘no‐observed adverse effect level’ (NOAEL) of PSO in Wistar rats was determined to be 4 g kg−1. These results may provide a safety profile and a valuable reference for the use of PSO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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The sub-chronic toxicity of regular White Spirit in rats

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Coal Tar, Crude Oil, and Derived Products

The anti‐tussive, anti‐inflammatory effects and sub‐chronic toxicological evaluation of perilla seed oil

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