The study of thermal, microstructural and magnetic properties of manganese–zinc ferrite prepared by co-precipitation method using different precipitants

Abstract

Mn-Zn ferrite was prepared from the solution after acid leaching of spent batteries by co-precipitation method using ammonia oxalate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as precipitating agents. The co-precipitation process was performed at temperature of over 50°C by continuous magnetic stirring. The precipitates were pre-sintered at 850°C in air. Dilatometric study has revealed that lowest shrinkage (only 5.6%) showed a material obtained from an oxalate precipitant. After pressing and high-temperature sintering at 1325°C, it showed both insufficient density and the presence of pores, which contribute to the deterioration in the magnetic properties of the ferrites: the low magnetic permeability value and high magnetic losses. Ferrite prepared from hydroxide and carbonate precipitant showed a much higher shrinkage, sintered density and much higher magnetic permeability compared with the ferrite prepared from oxalate precursor.

Upcycling of Acid-Leaching Solutions from Li-Ion Battery Waste Treatment through the Facile Synthesis of Magnetorheological Fluid

“…In work presented by Moura, CoFe 2 O 4 nanostructures are sized from 10 to 50 nm [ 30 ], while Co 0.8 Fe 2.2 O 4 prepared in another work from LIBs cathode leached with acids have diameters of ~50–120 nm [ 31 , 32 ]. Here, the CoFe 2 O 4 and Co 0.87 Ni 0.13 Fe 2 O 4 obtained by co-precipitation from the hydrometallurgical waste are also spherical, but the nanoparticles have the size of about 100 nm [ 32 , 33 ], demonstrating the NiCo ferrite magnetic nanoparticles made with wet synthesis from the solutions obtained from acid leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, where the obtained structures have a diameter ranging from 29 to 60 nm [ 34 ]. Next, Mn 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 co-precipitated from Mn-Zn post-leaching battery waste form clusters from tens to hundreds of microns [ 34 , 35 ], showing Mn-Zn ferrite structures sized up to 20 nm [ 34 ]—similar to the structures synthesized in presence of bacteria [ 36 ].…”

“…Here, the CoFe 2 O 4 and Co 0.87 Ni 0.13 Fe 2 O 4 obtained by co-precipitation from the hydrometallurgical waste are also spherical, but the nanoparticles have the size of about 100 nm [ 32 , 33 ], demonstrating the NiCo ferrite magnetic nanoparticles made with wet synthesis from the solutions obtained from acid leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, where the obtained structures have a diameter ranging from 29 to 60 nm [ 34 ]. Next, Mn 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 co-precipitated from Mn-Zn post-leaching battery waste form clusters from tens to hundreds of microns [ 34 , 35 ], showing Mn-Zn ferrite structures sized up to 20 nm [ 34 ]—similar to the structures synthesized in presence of bacteria [ 36 ]. The granular shape of obtained samples in this work is in good agreement with the discussed literature, while their size of below 15 nm on average is similar to the CoFe 2 O 4 spherical nanoparticles sized about 20 nm obtained with sol–gel, co-precipitation, and microwave-assisted hydrothermal methods [ 37 ].…”

Future Portable Li-Ion Cells’ Recycling Challenges in Poland

“…It is believed that hydrometallurgical processes are less energy-consuming than pyrometallurgical ones, but the waste from them is more burdensome. The advantage of hydrometallurgical processes is also that they allow in most cases the processing of a mixture of different types of batteries simultaneously [36][37][38]. The third stage of recycling used cells should be the processes of managing all post-process waste in such a way that they are not harmful to the environment.…”

Effect of Europium Substitution on the Structural, Magnetic and Relaxivity Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles: A Dual-Mode MRI Contrast-Agent Candidate

“…Among these materials, over the past few decades Mn–Zn ferrites (MZFs) have attracted much attention. The magnetic properties of the MZFs are strongly dependent on the phase purity, microstructure, morphology (size, shape and particle size distribution) and the types and amount of dopants [ 15 ]. MZFs have diverse biotechnical applications, such as cancer cell diagnosis [ 16 ], drug delivery [ 17 ], tumor imaging and the treatment of cancer cells [ 18 ].…”