The Study of Analgesic Effects of <i>Leonurus cardiaca</i> L. in Mice by Formalin, Tail Flick and Hot Plate Tests

Rezaee-Asl, Masoume; Sabour, Mandana; Nikoui, Vahid; Ostadhadi, Sattar; Bakhtiarian, Azam

doi:10.1155/2014/687697

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The tail-flick test investigates a spinal reaction which measures nociceptive response latencies to thermal stimuli and determines the central analgesic effects of drugs [38,39]. The present study has demonstrated that sodium diclofenac and three doses of PPE alleviated the pain over 60 min to thermal stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

A mechanistic approach to HPLC analysis, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and postoperative analgesic activities of panch phoron in mice

Gias

Afsana

Debnath

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Panch phoron is a mixture of five spices containing an equal proportion of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn (fenugreek), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Cuminum cyminum (cumin) and Brassica nigra (black mustard). The mixture is commonly used in Bangladeshi cuisine and possesses many pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous panch phoron extract (PPE) in vivo, its possible mechanism of action and phytochemical analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). We also investigated the effect of PPE on postoperative pain in mice. Methods: HPLC was carried out using LC-20A Modular HPLC system to identify the bioactive compounds present in PPE. Five groups of Swiss albino male mice (n = 6 per group) were orally treated with 10 ml/kg of distilled water or 10 mg/kg of sodium diclofenac or three doses of PPE (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg). In vivo assessment was carried out by the writhing test, tail-flick test, formalin test, and carrageenan induced paw edema test. The opioid antagonist, naloxone was used in the acetic acid test to evaluate the involvement of opioid receptors. To assess the effect of PPE in postoperative pain, mice that underwent sciatic nerve surgery were measured for the paw withdrawal latency in a hot water bath. Results: In HPLC analysis, different types of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, including catechin hydrate, paracoumaric acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid were detected. Treatment with PPE exhibited dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in pain models (p < 0.05). Furthermore, naloxone did not reverse the effect of PPE in the writhing test. Mice that underwent sciatic nerve surgery showed that the paw withdrawal latency increased gradually over 7 days. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PPE has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and can provide significant postoperative analgesia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

A mechanistic approach to HPLC analysis, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and postoperative analgesic activities of panch phoron in mice

Gias

Afsana

Debnath

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Following the antinociceptive studies, MECN attenuated the chemical-induced (i.e., acetic acid- and formalin-induced) and thermal-induced (i.e., hot plate model) nociceptive models suggesting that the antinociceptive profile of MECN includes peripheral and central mechanisms of action. This suggestion was based on previous claims that any substances that can attenuate the abdominal constriction and hot plate tests [ 40 ] or reversed the response latency to formalin-induced nociception in both the early and late phases of formalin test [ 41 ] possess peripheral and central antinociceptive activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hot plate test is aimed at studying the spinal antinociceptive potential of any tested substances by measuring the animal nociceptive response latencies to thermal stimulus following treatment with the substances. The principal response of thermal-induced nociception occurs predominantly at the supraspinal level [ 41 ]. The hot plate test is specifically used to investigate the central antinociceptive potential of any extract/compound and is specifically affected only by the centrally acting drugs (i.e., opioids) [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus nutans Exerts Antinociceptive Activity via the Opioid/Nitric Oxide‐Mediated, but cGMP‐Independent, Pathways

Rahim

Zakaria

Sani

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The objectives of the present study were to determine the mechanisms of antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Clinacanthus nutans (Acanthaceae) leaves (MECN) using various animal nociceptive models. The antinociceptive activity of orally administered 10% DMSO, 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 5 mg/kg morphine, or MECN (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was determined using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction (ACT), formalin-induced paw licking (FT), and hot plate tests (HPT). The role of opioid and nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems was also investigated. The results showed that MECN produced a significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive response in all nociceptive models with the recorded ED50 value of 279.3 mg/kg for the ACT, while, for the early and late phases of the FT, the value was >500 mg/kg or 227.7 mg/kg, respectively. This antinociceptive activity was fully antagonized by naloxone (a nonselective opioid antagonist) but was partially reversed by l-arginine (l-arg; a nitric oxide [NO] precursor), Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME; an NO synthase inhibitor), or their combinations thereof. In contrast, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) enhanced the extract's antinociception. UHPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoid-based compounds with antinociceptive action. In conclusion, MECN exerted the peripherally and centrally mediated antinociceptive activity via the modulation of the opioid/NO-mediated, but cGMP-independent, systems.

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“…The formalin test is a standard test for measuring pain response and is determined by the sum of time (in seconds) that the animal scratches, licks, or bites the formalin injection site. The times are measured every 5 minutes, and the numerical value represents the amount of pain (12,13). After placing the animal on a glass plate, 2% formalin at a volume of 50 μL was injected into the right submucosal tissue of the upper lip, lateral to the nose using a 26 gauge needle.…”

Section: Formalin Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain modulation and Histopathological effects of the Hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa on mice model of Orofacial formalin test: an experimental study

Rayyani¹,

Seifi²,

Askian³

et al. 2019

Electron. physician

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Background: Orofacial pain is a form of inflammatory pain usually treated with corticosteroids, which have many side effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and histological profile of antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract of caper (Capparis spinosa) for the first time in the orofacial region. Methods: This experimental study was carried out at Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Thirty-six male Wistar mice were divided into 6 groups: The first group received saline, the second group received dexamethazone, and four groups received different doses (10, 20, 50, 100 mg/kg) of caper extract. In the formalin test, 1% formalin solution was injected into the right submucosal layer of the lip and lateral area of the nose. Pain intensities were recorded at 5-min blocks for 60 min after injection. Dose effect of caper on pain was recorded. The mice were euthanized and the oral area was biopsied and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin, Toluidine blue, and Congo red. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and t-test by IBM-SPSS version 20. Results: Caper produced antinociceptive effects in comparison with saline groups (p<0.001). Dose effect on pain was significant (p<0.001). The highest antinociceptive effect was observed in the caper group receiving 100 mg/kg of agent 15-20 minutes after injection. The highest pain level was observed in the group that received 20 mg/kg of caper (p<0.001). Dexamethazone antinociceptive effect was greater than that of the saline and the dose of 20 mg/kg of caper (p<0.001). Antinociceptive effects in two groups (100 mg caper and dexamethazone) were equal (p>0.999). Histopathologic examination revealed the highest thickness of epithelium, fibrous, and muscular tissue density and the lowest inflammatory infiltration at the dose of 100 mg/kg of caper. Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that hydroalcoholic extract of caper possesses antinociceptive activity in a dose-dependent manner and caper-induced antinociception might be mediated, at least in part, by anti-inflammatory effects.

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The Study of Analgesic Effects of Leonurus cardiaca L. in Mice by Formalin, Tail Flick and Hot Plate Tests

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

A mechanistic approach to HPLC analysis, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and postoperative analgesic activities of panch phoron in mice

A mechanistic approach to HPLC analysis, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and postoperative analgesic activities of panch phoron in mice

Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus nutans Exerts Antinociceptive Activity via the Opioid/Nitric Oxide‐Mediated, but cGMP‐Independent, Pathways

Pain modulation and Histopathological effects of the Hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa on mice model of Orofacial formalin test: an experimental study

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