A mechanistic approach to HPLC analysis, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and postoperative analgesic activities of panch phoron in mice

Abstract

Background: Panch phoron is a mixture of five spices containing an equal proportion of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn (fenugreek), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Cuminum cyminum (cumin) and Brassica nigra (black mustard). The mixture is commonly used in Bangladeshi cuisine and possesses many pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous panch phoron extract (PPE) in vivo, its possible mechanism of action and phytochemical analysis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). We also investigated the effect of PPE on postoperative pain in mice. Methods: HPLC was carried out using LC-20A Modular HPLC system to identify the bioactive compounds present in PPE. Five groups of Swiss albino male mice (n = 6 per group) were orally treated with 10 ml/kg of distilled water or 10 mg/kg of sodium diclofenac or three doses of PPE (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg). In vivo assessment was carried out by the writhing test, tail-flick test, formalin test, and carrageenan induced paw edema test. The opioid antagonist, naloxone was used in the acetic acid test to evaluate the involvement of opioid receptors. To assess the effect of PPE in postoperative pain, mice that underwent sciatic nerve surgery were measured for the paw withdrawal latency in a hot water bath. Results: In HPLC analysis, different types of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, including catechin hydrate, paracoumaric acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid were detected. Treatment with PPE exhibited dose-dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in pain models (p < 0.05). Furthermore, naloxone did not reverse the effect of PPE in the writhing test. Mice that underwent sciatic nerve surgery showed that the paw withdrawal latency increased gradually over 7 days. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that PPE has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and can provide significant postoperative analgesia.

Methanolic extract of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) escalates functional restoration following a compression injury to the sciatic nerve in a mouse model

“…Although there are plenty of data on its antioxidant, antidepressant, neuroprotectant, and anxiolytic effects, yet its role in improving functional recovery following PNI has never been dissected. Recent studies have reported the potential neuroprotective effects (Gias et al., 2020) and neuroregenerative effects depicting functional recovery (Imran et al., 2019) following sciatic nerve crush injury in a mouse model of fennel seeds. So, here we investigate the possible effect of F. vulgare methanolic extract on escalating functional recovery.…”

“…Having antioxidant, analgesic, and anti‐inflammatory properties, it can be assumed that fennel can be a good candidate to be considered as an alternative therapeutic agent in escalating functional recovery following nerve injuries. Recently, panch phoron, which is a blend of five spices including Foeniculum vulgare, has shown antinociceptive and anti‐inflammatory activities in sciatic nerve crush injury mice model (Gias et al., 2020). Our group has recently demonstrated the positive impact of crude fennel seed supplementation in a mouse model of PNI (Imran et al., 2019).…”

Development of pyrazole derivatives in the management of inflammation

“…Inflammation is an essential defense and survivorship mechanism against harmful stimuli and bodily injuries [1,2]. The inflammatory process involves complex responses from a variety of mediators capable of eliciting heat, flushing, edema, pain, or loss of function of the inflamed tissues [3–5].…”

“…The therapeutic limitation of the available glucocorticoids, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids has increased the interest in pyrazole derivatives [2,9,10]. The pyrazole ring ( Figure ) characterizes pyrazole derivatives, such as the celecoxib ( 5 ), fomepizole ( 7 ), among others ( Figure ) [11,12].…”

Mechanism of antinociceptive action of syringic acid

“…Syringic acid has been generally used in clinical practice and the industrial sector [15]. According to the published reports, syringic acid has been demonstrated to reduce pain in acute pancreatitis and several plant extracts with syringic acid have been found to be effective in alleviating pain [18][19][20].…”