The Struggle between Cash and Electronic Payments

Pintér, Zsófia; Nagy, Mónika Zita; Tóth, Katalin; Varga, József

doi:10.3390/economies10120304

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…(Nakamoto, 2008). It is not governed by central authorities, such as governments or central banks, and intermediaries for currency issuance or settlement and validation of transactions, and can provide lower transaction fees for payments (Ali et al, 2014) In Hungary, cash payments are dominant, although digital solutions are gaining ground (Pintér et al, 2021(Pintér et al, , 2022Menrad & Varga, 2020). Cryptocurrency payments are negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin

Gulyás,

Sipiczki,

Gál

2023

RBS

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Over time, cryptocurrencies have experienced a widespread adoption, with bitcoin emerging as the most prominent example. In an increasingly uncertain world, the significance of possessing a stable store of value, traditionally fulfilled by gold, has escalated. Bitcoin has been often referred to as a digital equivalent of gold. Hence, this study primarily focuses on analyzing the price dynamics of this particular cryptocurrency. A comprehensive literature review will be employed to examine the regulatory obstacles encountered within the cryptocurrency market. Additionally, considering the contentious nature of this field, special attention will be devoted to the clash of perspectives surrounding this innovation. Subsequently, concentrating on the period 2016-2021, this paper will investigate the factors that define a risk-weighted investment, utilizing the Sharpe ratio and Sortino ratio. However, there has been significant volatility in the price of Bitcoin in 2020-2021, and our research fills a gap in the relationship between Bitcoin returns and risk in the post-2016 period. Overall, the analysis concludes that bitcoin exhibits highly turbulent investment characteristics. Despite its substantial price appreciation, the findings indicate that bitcoin displays significant volatility. Consequently, selecting this investment alternative entails considerable risks. Based on our results, there were years between 2016-2021 when bitcoin was a good investment, but in most cases its returns were associated with excessive volatility and risk. For this reason, it is not recommended for risk-averse rational investors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin

Gulyás,

Sipiczki,

Gál

2023

RBS

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“…The intensive development of digital payment systems has led some authors to formulate a hypothesis about the transformation of modern societies into the so-called cashless societies. This hypothesis is most often formulated at the local, i.e., national, level (Bálint, 2019;Käll and Lagerkvist, 2022;Kitamura, 2022;Mokhtar, 2019;Pintér, 2022;Raya and Vargas 2022), less at the global level (Bátiz-Lazo, Haigh, and Stearns, 2016;Fabris 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptocurrencies and Other Forms of Payment in the Awareness of Poles: Declared Trust, Perceived Risk and Actual Victimization

Mider,

Potocki,

Staniszewski

2023

ERSJ

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Purpose:The aim of this article is to examine the volume, trust and risk perceived by Poles in terms of broadly understood types of payments, from cash, through various electronic payments, to cryptocurrencies. This is particularly important in the context of the hypothesis of a cashless societies predicted by some researchers. Approach/Methodology/Design: The method of computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) was used to achieve the research objectives. The study was conducted on a nationwide sample of N=1001 adult Poles (18+). The analyzes used descriptive statistics and explored a statistical method called two-stage cluster analysis. Findings: A comparison of the results of foreign research and our own research and otherPolish research clearly shows that Poles belong to the societies most dependent on cash payments; below the global average use electronic payments and cryptocurrency payments. These barriers are mainly awareness-raising and, to a lesser extent, technological. This is indicated by the discrepancy between high levels of concern and low levels of actual crime victimization in the use of different payment methods. In addition, groups in the technological vanguard (using a wide range of electronic payments, including cryptocurrencies) and digitally excluded groups (using traditional payment methods or card payments) were identified (in social, demographic and psychographic categories). Practical implications: Identification of the extent of use, trust, perceived risk and actual victimization associated with different payment methods allows for the formulation of awareness, education and remedial actions on policies for implementing a cashless society. In addition, the article refers to the need to ensure security in the field of payments to citizens, especially those who are informationally excluded. Originality/Value: This is the first study on a nationwide sample of adult Poles that reveals volume, trust and likelihood of victimization of various payment systems.

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Modelling employee retention in small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises in a dynamically changing business environment

Gelencsér,

Kőmüves,

Hollósy-Vadász

et al. 2024

IJOA

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Purpose This study aims to explore the holistic context of organisational staff retention in small, medium and large organisations. It also aims to identify the factors affecting the retention of organisations of different sizes. Design/methodology/approach The study implements an empirical test of a model created during previous research with the participation of 511 employees. The responses to the online questionnaire and the modelling were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling method. The models were tested for internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, multicollinearity and model fit. Findings Two models were tested by organisation size, which revealed a total of 62 significant correlations between the latent variables tested. Identical correlations were present in both models in 22 cases. After testing the hypotheses, critical variables (nature of work, normative commitment, benefits, co-workers and organisational commitment) were identified that determine employees’ organisational commitment and intention to leave, regardless of the size of the organisation. Research limitations/implications As a result of this research, the models developed are suitable for identifying differences in organisational staffing levels, but there is as yet no empirical evidence on the use of the scales for homogeneous groups of employees. Practical implications The results show that employees’ normative commitment and organisational commitment are critical factors for retention. Of the satisfaction factors examined, the nature of work, benefits and co-workers have a significant impact on retention in organisations, so organisational retention measures should focus on improving satisfaction regarding these factors. Social implications The readers of the journal would appreciate the work, which highlights the significance of employee psychology and retention for organisational success. Originality/value The study is based on primary data and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is one of the few studies that take a holistic approach to organisational staff retention in the context of the moderating effect of organisational size. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of employee retention and in contrast to previous research, examines the combined effect of several factors.

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The Struggle between Cash and Electronic Payments

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin

The Link Between Return and Risk in the Case of Bitcoin

Cryptocurrencies and Other Forms of Payment in the Awareness of Poles: Declared Trust, Perceived Risk and Actual Victimization

Modelling employee retention in small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises in a dynamically changing business environment

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