The structure of the interalveolar septum of the mammalian lung

Ryan, Stephen F.; Dumais, Charles; Ciannella, Arnold

doi:10.1002/ar.1091650403

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The normal, contralateral, lungs corresponded to earlier descriptions [23,26]. One day after the injury considerable concentrations of protein, many erythrocytes and some phagocytes (mainly neutrophils), together with cell debris, fibrin and granules from Type II alveolar cells, were present in the air spaces (Figs 1 and 2).…”

Section: Lung Contusionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The effects of diosmin (a benzo-pyrone) upon some high-protein oedemas: Lung contusion, and burn and lymphoedema of rat legs

Casley‐Smith

1985

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Oral diosmin (a benzo-pyrone) was used to treat rats with contused lungs, in doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day. The contusion was produced by direct trauma. The lungs were examined with the electron microscope, both qualitatively and quantitatively, at 1, 2 and 4 days. It was found that diosmin considerably reduced interstitial oedema and tissue disorganization. The concentration of protein, both in the interstitial tissue and in the air spaces, was also much reduced. There was a greater effect at the higher dosage than at the lower one. In two other experiments, this drug was used in the usual models of burn oedema of the rat foot and acute lymphoedema of the rat leg - estimating the amount of oedema by weighing the parts. A low dose (50 mg/kg) reduced the burn oedema; a high dose (200 mg/kg) did not. Both doses reduced the acute lymphoedema of the whole leg, or thigh. The high dose did not do this in the foot, but the low one did. At high doses, diosmin has the usual benzo-pyrone property of releasing mediators in the rat-foot. In other tissues (and, no doubt, species) this drug reduces many forms of high-protein oedema, like the other benzo-pyrones.

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Section: Lung Contusionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The effects of diosmin (a benzo-pyrone) upon some high-protein oedemas: Lung contusion, and burn and lymphoedema of rat legs

Casley‐Smith

1985

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“…Model geometry. Morphometrical studies (41,52), including more recent 3D imaging-based ones (37,65,71), have shown that alveoli have generally a polyhedral-like shape with single flat interalveolar septa separating adjacent alveoli; namely, this space-filling polyhedral shape is comparable to honeycombs or soap foam (72). In accordance with recent CFD studies (26,31,60), the seminal polyhedral alveolar duct structure was adopted to capture the irregular and complex acinar geometry (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Revisiting pulmonary acinar particle transport: convection, sedimentation, diffusion, and their interplay

Hofemeier

Sznitman

2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

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It is largely acknowledged that inhaled particles ranging from 0.001 to 10 m are able to reach and deposit in the alveolated regions of the lungs. To date, however, the bulk of numerical studies have focused mainly on micrometer sized particles whose transport kinematics are governed by convection and sedimentation, thereby capturing only a small fraction of the wider range of aerosols leading to acinar deposition. Too little is still known about the local acinar transport dynamics of inhaled (ultra)fine particles affected by diffusion and convection. Our study aims to fill this gap by numerically simulating the transport characteristics of particle sizes spanning three orders of magnitude (0.01-5 m) covering diffusive, convective, and gravitational aerosol motion across a multigenerational acinar network. By characterizing the deposition patterns as a function of particle size, we find that submicrometer particles [formulae see text (0.1 m)] reach deep into the acinar structure and are prone to deposit near alveolar openings; meanwhile, other particle sizes are restricted to accessing alveolar cavities in proximal generations. Our findings underline that a precise understanding of acinar aerosol transport, and ultrafine particles in particular, is contingent upon resolving the complex convective-diffusive interplay in determining their irreversible kinematics and local deposition sites.

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“…Morphologically, it is widely acknowledged that alveoli are formed of densely packed irregular polyhedra similar to the shape and structure of honeycombs [26][27][28][29][30], where the shared interalveolar septum between adjacent alveoli is generally flat [31]. This has been further highlighted in recent 3D reconstructions of acinar structures from high-resolution micro-CT and XTM imaging (e.g., Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Role of Alveolar Topology on Acinar Flows and Convective Mixing

Hofemeier

Sznitman

2014

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Due to experimental challenges, computational simulations are often sought to quantify inhaled aerosol transport in the pulmonary acinus. Commonly, these are performed using generic alveolar topologies, including spheres, toroids, and polyhedra, to mimic the complex acinar morphology. Yet, local acinar flows and ensuing particle transport are anticipated to be influenced by the specific morphological structures. We have assessed a range of acinar models under self-similar breathing conditions with respect to alveolar flow patterns, convective flow mixing, and deposition of fine particles (1.3 μm diameter). By tracking passive tracers over cumulative breathing cycles, we find that irreversible flow mixing correlates with the location and strength of the recirculating vortex inside the cavity. Such effects are strongest in proximal acinar generations where the ratio of alveolar to ductal flow rates is low and interalveolar disparities are most apparent. Our results for multi-alveolated acinar ducts highlight that fine 1 μm inhaled particles subject to alveolar flows are sensitive to the alveolar topology, underlining interalveolar disparities in particle deposition patterns. Despite the simplicity of the acinar models investigated, our findings suggest that alveolar topologies influence more significantly local flow patterns and deposition sites of fine particles for upper generations emphasizing the importance of the selected acinar model. In distal acinar generations, however, the alveolar geometry primarily needs to mimic the space-filling alveolar arrangement dictated by lung morphology.

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The structure of the interalveolar septum of the mammalian lung

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

The effects of diosmin (a benzo-pyrone) upon some high-protein oedemas: Lung contusion, and burn and lymphoedema of rat legs

The effects of diosmin (a benzo-pyrone) upon some high-protein oedemas: Lung contusion, and burn and lymphoedema of rat legs

Revisiting pulmonary acinar particle transport: convection, sedimentation, diffusion, and their interplay

Role of Alveolar Topology on Acinar Flows and Convective Mixing

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