The Structure of Tendons at Various Ages and Under Different Functional Conditions. Ii.

Ingelmark, Bo E.

doi:10.1159/000140353

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The unique anatomy of the shoulder joint contributes to the physiologic degeneration that gradually develops in the musculotendinous cuff after the age of 40 years (Ingelmark 1948). This degeneration, which mainly occurs in the supraspinatus tendon, means that the tendinous fibers become frayed, fibrillated, avascular, and even necrotic.…”

Section: Clinical and Pathologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder Pain in Industry: An Epidemiological Study on Welders

Herberts

Kadefors

Andersson

et al. 1981

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

127

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Section: Clinical and Pathologic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder Pain in Industry: An Epidemiological Study on Welders

Herberts

Kadefors

Andersson

et al. 1981

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

127

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“…Immobilization results in profound reduction in the mechanical properties of tendon. Most noticeably, there is a decrease in tendon strength and an increase in collagen turnover [12]. With exercise, the turnover of mature collagen and collagen cross-links increases [13,14], large diameter fibrils are formed with increased packing density of fibrils [15] and increased tendon stiffness [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of training and sudden detraining on the patellar tendon and its enthesis in rats

Frizziero

Fini

Salamanna

et al. 2011

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundDifferent conditions may alter tendon characteristics. Clinical evidence suggests that tendon injuries are more frequent in athletes that change type, intensity and duration of training. Aim of the study was the assessment of training and especially detraining on the patellar tendon (PT) and its enthesis.Methods27 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: 20 rats were trained on a treadmill for 10 weeks. Of these, 10 rats were euthanized immediately after training (trained group), and 10 were caged without exercise for 4 weeks before being euthanized (de-trained group). The remaining 7 rats were used as controls (untrained rats). PT insertion, structure (collagen fiber organization and proteoglycan, PG, content), PT thickness, enthesis area, and subchondral bone volume at the enthesis were measured by histomorphometry and microtomography.ResultsBoth PG content and collagen fiber organization were significantly lower in untrained and detrained animals than in trained ones (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001). In the detrained group, fiber organization and PG content were worse than that of the untrained groups and the untrained group showed a significantly higher score than the detrained group (p < 0.05). In the trained group, the PT was significantly thicker than in untrained group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the enthesis area and subchondral bone volume among the three groups were seen.ConclusionsModerate exercise exerts a protective effect on the PT structure while sudden discontinuation of physical activity has a negative effect on tendons. The present results suggest that after a period of sudden de-training (such as after an injury) physical activity should be restarted with caution and with appropriate rehabilitation programs.

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“…Tendon responds to mechanical loading, and animal studies have provided some evidence that endurance training may influence the morphology and mechanical properties of tendons (Viidik, 1967; Woo et al, 1980, 1981; Kubo et al, 2000; Buchanan & Marsh, 2001). Several studies have compared the biochemical composition and mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments from exercised animals with those from sedentary controls (Inglemark, 1948; Woo et al, 1980; Wren et al, 2000). In some cases, exercise training results in improved tensile strength, elastic stiffness, weight and cross‐sectional area of tendons in animal experiments and their effects can be explained by an increase in collagen and ground substance synthesis by tenocytes (Woo et al, 1980; Kannus & Natri, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other cases, exercise has no effect on these properties (Woo et al, 1981; Vailas et al, 1985). Similarly, exercise before maturity may lead to an increase in mature tendon weight (Inglemark, 1948), or it may not affect mature tendon weight (Kiiskinen, 1977; Suominen et al, 1980; Curwin et al, 1988). These inconsistencies may stem from differences in the magnitude of loading applied to various structures during general exercise programs (Tipton et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural analysis of rat patellar tendon in response to resistance and endurance training

Barone

Bellafiore

Leonardi

et al. 2009

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Little is known about tendon adaptations induced by mechanical loading. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of two different exercise training protocols on adult rat patellar tendon. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into a sedentary group (control), a resistance-trained group and an endurance-trained group. The examinations were performed after 15, 30 and 45 days of training and after 2 weeks of rest since training was stopped. The content of collagen fibers and the cell nuclei number were quantified on tendon cross sections. In order to assess the training effectiveness, we evaluated the heart/body weight ratio, which was higher in 45 day-trained rats than their controls (Po0.01), showing the presence of cardiac hypertrophy. An increase in the content of collagen fibers was observed in the 45 day-trained groups and after 2 weeks of rest in the endurance group. Moreover, both trained groups showed a decrease in cell nuclei number after 30 and 45 days of training and 2 weeks of rest (Po0.05). Endurance and resistance training induces a tendon tissue remodeling that depends on the length and intensity of workload rather than the training type. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether these structural modifications are associated with an increase in the mechanical strength of tendon.

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The Structure of Tendons at Various Ages and Under Different Functional Conditions. Ii.

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Shoulder Pain in Industry: An Epidemiological Study on Welders

Shoulder Pain in Industry: An Epidemiological Study on Welders

Effect of training and sudden detraining on the patellar tendon and its enthesis in rats

Structural analysis of rat patellar tendon in response to resistance and endurance training

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