The structure of polypropylene-TiO2 organoinorganic nanocomposites prepared via solvent crazing

Oxygen-Sensitive Phosphorescent Nanomaterials Produced from High-Density Polyethylene Films by Local Solvent-Crazing

“…Solvent crazing in a physically active liquid environment (PALE) has been suggested for incorporation in polymeric substrates of physically or thermodynamically incompatible additives such as metals (a two-step process with introduction of silver ions and their subsequent reduction to metallic silver), titanium dioxide nanoparticles, , and organic dyes. , This method usually involves tensile drawing of the polymer substrate (film or fiber) in a suitable additive-containing solvent system, which leads to the development of specific nanoporous structures with overall volume porosity of up to 55–60%, pore dimensions ranging from 5–15 nm, and narrow pore size distribution. The process is controlled by the nature of the polymer (initial structure, degree of crystallinity, and organization of crystalline phase in semicrystalline polymers) and deformation conditions (tensile strain, applied stress, nature of PALE, strain rate, etc.).…”

“…Sensor fabrication usually relies on casting or printing of polymeric 'cocktails' in organic solvent, 10 adsorption, polymerization/curing, sol−gel method, 11 nano and microprecipitation, 12 and extrusion. 13 Solvent crazing in a physically active liquid environment (PALE) has been suggested for incorporation in polymeric substrates of physically or thermodynamically incompatible additives such as metals (a two-step process with introduction of silver ions and their subsequent reduction to metallic silver), titanium dioxide nanoparticles, 14,15 and organic dyes. 16,17 This method usually involves tensile drawing of the polymer substrate (film or fiber) in a suitable additive-containing solvent system, which leads to the development of specific nanoporous structures with overall volume porosity of up to 55−60%, pore dimensions ranging from 5−15 nm, and narrow pore size distribution.…”

Phosphorescent oxygen sensors produced by spot-crazing of polyphenylenesulfide films

“…Solvent crazing of polymers in physically active liquid environments (PALEs) allows encapsulation of various thermodynamically incompatible additives in polymeric substrates. [17][18][19] This approach involves tensile drawing of a polymer lm or a bre in a suitable solvent containing a dissolved additive which leads to the development of a specic nanoporous structure in the polymer (5-15 nm pores with a narrow size distribution and volume porosity up to 55-60%). This process is controlled by the nature of the polymer (chemical structure, degree of crystallinity, organization of the crystalline phase for semi-crystalline polymers), PALE, deformation conditions (tensile strain, applied stress, strain rate, temperature) and the concentration of an incorporated additive in the feed solution.…”