The structure of montmorillonite gels revealed by sequential cryo-XHR-SEM imaging

Mouzon, Johanne; Bhuiyan, Iftekhar Uddin; Hedlund, Jonas

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.031

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Leong model fit to these temporal yield stress data is shown in Fig. 12 A recent study on the microstructure of Na+Mt or SWy-2 gel sourced from the Clay Mineral Society using Cryo-XHR-SEM imaging technique showed a very open honeycomb structure being formed by the Na+Mt particles (Mouzon et al 2016). The image is shown in the inset of Figure 10.…”

Section: Structural Recovery-ph Behaviormentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Structural recovery behaviors of suspensions with different API bentonite content and their Nguyen-Boger model fittings (solid dark square: 3 wt% solids, solid red circle: 5 wt%, solid blue triangle: 7 wt%, solid inverted pink triangle: 8 wt%). Inset is the cryo-SEM image of Na-Swy2 gel taken fromMouzon et al (2016) and gel samples used in this ageing experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Huang

Leong

Chen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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API bentonite, a key ingredient of drilling muds, displayed a negative zeta potential across the whole pH range of 2.5 to 12.3. It contained two very rheological active ingredients, sodium montmorillonite or Na+Mt (40.4%) and needle-shape sepiolite (16%). Due to the interplay of these two ingredients, the rheological behaviour displayed by the API bentonite suspensions is quite different to other bentonite suspensions. The gel displayed a very low or no yield stress at low acidic pH and a maximum yield stress at pH 8-12. Magnesium leaching from sepiolite at low pH and its hydrolysis plays a role in affecting the rheological properties at high pH. Yield stress and ageing behaviour was observed in suspensions with at least 3wt% solids. The Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model described the flow behavior of these gels. Both the HB yield stress and viscosity at a fixed shear rate of the 7 wt% gel peaked at pH 8.5 and were smallest at pH 5.2. The ageing or structural recovery behaviour is most pronounced at high pH for the most concentrated gels. Both the Leong and Nguyen-Boger ageing models described the structural recovery behaviour well. The recovery of the recently discovered very open honeycomb structure formed by Na+MT gel, after breakdown by shear was invoked to explain the ageing behaviour.

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Section: Structural Recovery-ph Behaviormentioning

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Huang

Leong

Chen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

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“…It may be for the same reasons that, still to date, researchers are not in agreement whether, bentonite platelets, upon dispersion in water, dissociate fully or not. Furthermore, these geometric associations (EE, EF, FF) are very idealistic particularly in view of previous observations (Kelessidis et al, 2007c) as well as of new results which show pictures, taken using more sophisticated instruments (Mouzon et al, 2016), of sodium-montmorillonite particles, derived from Swy-2 Wyoming bentonite, at high mass concentration, which are flexed and stack in layers, or tactoids, and associate in a 'face-to-face' configuration while some of the platelets associate in 'edge-to-face' manner, forming plausibly associations of Y-type ( Fig. 10).…”

Section: Yield Stress Of Bentonite Dispersionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on the rheological properties of neat aqueous Wyoming sodium bentonite dispersions

Vryzas

Kelessidis

Nalbantian

et al. 2017

Applied Clay Science

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Temperature affects significantly the rheological behavior of neat water Wyoming Na-bentonite dispersions. The results of a very systematic study are presented regarding rheological measurements of 7% mass concentration at different temperatures, ranging between 25 and 80°C at atmospheric pressure. Higher temperature increased the shear stresses at low shear rates while the effect was much smaller at higher shear rates. The Herschel-Bulkley rheological model fitted extremely well all data. The yield stress increased linearly with temperature by almost threefold , the flow consistency index decreased exponentially with temperature by almost five-fold and the flow behavior index increased by about 20%, tending towards the Newtonian value. At low shear rates (b 100 rpm corresponding to b170 1/s Newtonian shear rates), which represent very well the shear rates experienced by drilling fluids in the critical annulus region, all rheograms appeared fairly linear and the Bingham plastic model fitted well all data. The Bingham yield stress, from the low shear rate data, increased linearly with temperature, while the plastic viscosity decreased with temperature, in a manner very similar to the decrease of water viscosity with temperature. The plastic viscosity and Bingham yield stress data, from the low shear rate range, can be fitted well by an Arrhenius-type equation, with the activation energy for the plastic viscosity very similar to the activation energy for water viscosity, while for the Bingham yield stress, the activation energy is equal but opposite in sign to that of the plastic viscosity. A hypothesis is stated for the the observed linear increase of the yield stress with temperature, in the temperature range studied. One should be concerned when non-standard preparation and measurement procedures are followed which makes extremely difficult to understand any differences observed when reporting rheological data of water bentonite dispersions. A standard methodology is proposed, complementary to API, which can give very consistent results.

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“…XRD spectra patterns (Figure ) suggested that all acrylamide‐based hydrogels prepared with Brazilian polycationic bentonite presented composite morphologies, both in distilled water and oilfield brine. The XRD spectra of the polymer composites looked essentially the same as that obtained for the clay powder with a strong peak at 2θ around 5.9, which corresponds to a basal spacing of approximatly 15 Å and indicates that the polymer chains did not penetrate between the clay layers (there was no shifting of the X‐ray d ‐spacing), interacting only with the external surfaces of the tactoids or aggregates of tactoids …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The XRD spectra of the polymer composites looked essentially the same as that obtained for the clay powder with a strong peak at 2θ around 5.9, which corresponds to a basal spacing of approximatly 15 Å and indicates that the polymer chains did not penetrate between the clay layers (there was no shifting of the X-ray d-spacing), interacting only with the external surfaces of the tactoids or aggregates of tactoids. 11,61,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]…”

Section: Influence Of Clay-polymer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of polymer structure on the gelation kinetics and gel strength of acrylamide‐based copolymers, bentonite and polyethylenimine systems for conformance control of oil reservoirs

Tessarolli

Souza

Gomes

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In oil reservoirs with conformance problems, the sweep and oil recovery efficiencies tend to be low because the injected oil‐recovery drive fluids channel through high‐permeability zones and/or anomalies, leaving behind part of the displaceable oil in unswept low‐permeability zones. In these scenarios, conformance improvement treatments with crosslinked polymers can be used to plug the main paths of the reservoir, improving the overall sweep efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the polymer structure [molecular weight, acrylate, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and/or N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) moieties] on the gelation kinetics of gelling systems based on homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamide, natural bentonite and polyethylenimine for the conformance control of reservoirs with harsh conditions of temperature and salinity/hardness. The correspondence between the gelation time and gel strength obtained from bottle tests and dynamic shear tests was evaluated. Samples with higher AMPS and NVP moieties formed strong composite hydrogels (equilibrium complex modulus = 20–40 Pa) with low syneresis, and good long‐term stability (∼3–6 months) under harsh conditions (90 °C, 56,012 mg L−1 total dissolved solids and 2100 mg L−1 of divalent ions). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47556. HIGHLIGHTS Acrylamide‐based copolymers, bentonite and polyethylenimine systems showed controllable gelation time and gel strength Addition of clay into the formulation increased the gelation time and syneresis resistance of the systems, and slightly improved the final strength of the composite hydrogels Polyacrylamide (PAM) and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) samples formed heterogeneous composite hydrogels that suffered strong syneresis and thermal degradation, precipitating during aging after approximately 2 months, independently of the initial acrylate moieties of the sample Acrylamide and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymer (PAM–AMPS) and acrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid, and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (PAM–AMPS–NVP) samples presented higher salt tolerance and formed composite hydrogels with lower syneresis and good long‐term stability (∼3–6 months). Furthermore, samples with sulfonation degree greater than 10% improved the dispersion of clay particles within the hydrogels' structure

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The structure of montmorillonite gels revealed by sequential cryo-XHR-SEM imaging

Cited by 57 publications

References 38 publications

Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Effect of temperature on the rheological properties of neat aqueous Wyoming sodium bentonite dispersions

Influence of polymer structure on the gelation kinetics and gel strength of acrylamide‐based copolymers, bentonite and polyethylenimine systems for conformance control of oil reservoirs

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