Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Huang, Weian; Leong, Yee-Kwong; Chen, Ting; Au, Pek-Ing; Liu, Xianhua; Qiu, Zhengsong

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2016.07.016

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Kanna et al [33] studied the effect of bentonite and other mud additives on the mud optimum design in terms of mud rheology, pH value, and filtration properties. Huang et al [34] showed that API Bentonite slurries displayed unusual rheology at low pH. The drilling fluid yield stress and viscosity had low values at low pH, and maximum yield stress and viscosity was found to be at pH 9.…”

Section: Effect Of Bentonite On Mud Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

et al. 2019

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The design of drilling fluids is very important for the drilling operation success. The rheological properties play a key role in the performance of the drilling fluid. Therefore, studying the mud rheological properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite is essential. The main objectives of this study are to address the effect of pH changes on the rheological and filtration properties of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite and to provide a recommended pH range for this drilling fluid for a safe and high-performance drilling operation. Different samples of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite with different pH values were prepared, and the rheological properties such as plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength were measured. After that, the filtration test was performed under 300 psi differential pressure and 200 °F. The pH for the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite significantly affects the mud rheology. The shear stress and shear rate relation were varying with the change in the pH. Increasing the pH from 8 to 12 resulted in decreasing the plastic viscosity by 53% and the yield point by 82%, respectively. The ratio of yield point / plastic viscosity was 1.4 for pH of 8 while it decreased to 0.5 for a pH of 11 and 12. There was a significant decrease in the gel strength readings by increasing the pH. The filtrate volume and filter cake thickness increased by increasing pH. The filtration volume increased from 9.5 cm3 to 12.6 cm3 by increasing the pH from 9 to 12. The filter cake thickness was 2 mm at 9 pH, while it was increased to 3.6 mm for 12 pH. It is recommended from the results to keep the pH of water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 as it provides the optimum mud rheological and filtration properties. The findings of this study illustrated that keeping the pH in the range of 9 to 10 will reduce the plastic viscosity that will help in increasing the rate of penetration and reducing the required pump pressure to circulate the mud to the surface which will help to sustain the drilling operation. In addition, reducing the filtrate volume will produce a thin filter cake which will help in avoiding the pipe sticking and protect the environment. In general, optimizing the pH of the water-based drilling fluid based on bentonite in the range of 9 to 10 will improve the drilling operation and minimize the total cost.

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Section: Effect Of Bentonite On Mud Rheologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, a lesser volume of filtrate ensures the formation of a thin, impermeable filter cake drastically reducing the chances of differential pipe sticking. A lesser pH means an increased amount of additives to achieve the right viscosity (Huang et al 2016;Saboori et al 2018). Hence, an optimum pH range ensures savings of the additives and operation costing.…”

Section: The Ph Of Resulting Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of mud are highly dependent on shear history and temperature; hence, it is of utmost significance to test the proposed mud cake composition in the laboratory prevailing the circumstances comparable to drilling a well. Many drilling mud additives degrade at high temperatures (Huang et al 2016;Hamad et al 2020). Consequently, the 250-297 Barite + XCP + husk 4 Water: 500 ml, barite: 110 g, XCP: 2 g, Husk: 4 g effect of temperature should be observed in all drilling fluid components and additives to corroborate their efficiency.…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These field tests are standardized according to the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practices (API RP) 13 B-1, for water-based drilling fluids (Kekpugile and Godwin Jacob 2014;Fatihah Majid et al 2019). These typically include testing for drilling fluid density, viscosity, rheology, gel strength, API filtration loss, pH (Chilingarian et al 2007;Kosynkin et al 2012;Huang et al 2016). The physical model of filter cake/mud cake is critically evaluated in the laboratory, and the following properties are tested and compared with the available traditional alternatives.…”

Section: Methodsologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formulation of cellulose using groundnut husk as an environment-friendly fluid loss retarder additive and rheological modifier comparable to PAC for WBM

Patidar

Sharma

Joshi

2020

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The hydrocarbon extraction and exploitation using state-of-the-art modern drilling technologies urge the use of biodegradable, environment-friendly drilling fluid and drilling fluid additives to protect the environment and humanity. As more environmental laws are enacted and new safety rules implemented to oust the usage of toxic chemicals as fluid additives, it becomes inevitable that we re-evaluate our choice of drilling fluid additives. Drilling fluids and its additives play a crucial role in drilling operations as well as project costing; hence, it is needed that we develop cost-effective environment-friendly drilling fluid additives that meet the requirements for smooth functioning in geologically complex scenarios as well as have a minimal ecological impact. The current research work demonstrates key outcomes of investigations carried out on the formulation of a sustainable drilling fluid system, where groundnut husk is used as a fluid loss additive and a rheological modifier having no toxicity and high biodegradability. Cellulose was generated from groundnut husk at two varying particle sizes using mesh analysis, which was then compared with the commercially available PAC at different concentrations to validate its properties as a comparable fluid loss retarder additive as well as a rheological modifier. In the present work, various controlling characteristics of proposed groundnut husk additive are discussed, where comparison at different concentrations with a commercially available additive, PAC, is also validated. The API filtration losses demonstrated by the (63–74) µm and the (250–297) µm proposed additive showed a decrease of 91.88% and 82.31%, respectively, from the base mud at 4% concentration. The proposed husk additives acted as a filtrate retarder additive without much deviation from base rheology and with considerably higher pH than the base mud. This investigation indicates that the proposed fluid loss additive and rheological modifier can minimize the environmental hazards and have proved to be a cost-effective eco-friendly alternative in this challenging phase of the hydrocarbon exploration industry.

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“…The suspension of these two ingredients showed a very low or no yield stress at acid pH and approached the maximum value of pH 8-12. Because the magnesium is released from sepiolite at low pH, its hydrolysis products are formed and adsorbed on particle surfaces gradually with the increase of the pH value [10]. The acid-base environment shows a significant influence on the rheological properties of montmorillonite suspension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Dewatering Behavior of Montmorillonite Suspension by Adjusting Solution pH and Electrolyte Concentration

Dong

Fan

et al. 2020

Minerals

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Montmorillonite is always a troublemaker for the dewatering in coal processing since its existence can decrease the rates of sedimentation and filtration of coal slurry. To eliminate the adverse effect of montmorillonite, adjusting the slurry pH and adding electrolytes are always the key methods. However, the underlying mechanism still needs to be further studied. The dewatering of Na-montmorillonite (Na-Mt) suspensions has been studied as a function of NaCl concentration (10−3, 10−2, and 10−1 M) at different pH values (6.0, 7.7, 8.1, 9.2). The point of zero charge of edge surface of Na-Mt (pHPZC,edge) appeared at the pH value of 6.8. The sedimentation and rheology experiments described the coagulation and flow behaviors of Na-Mt suspensions, respectively. The Na-Mt suspension coagulated spontaneously at low salt concentration with the pH ~ 6.0. For the pH > pHPZC,edge, the height of the sediment bed reduced and apparent viscosity increased with the increase of the electrolyte concentration. The filtration properties were evaluated on the basis of Darcy’s law. The obtained result clearly demonstrated that the filtration rate was accelerated with the increase of pH and electrolyte concentration. The modes of particle association and its effect on filtration performance were discussed. Moreover, a comparison with related results from the literature was performed. At pH ~ 6 and low electrolyte concentration, the positively charged Edge surfaces and negatively charged Face surfaces coagulate rapidly to form a sealed structure by electrostatic attraction. Furthermore, inside this sealed structure, the water molecules cannot be removed in the filtration process easily. However, by increasing the electrolyte concentration at pH > pHPZC,edge, the gradually formed Face/Face structure increases the filtration rate sharply because of the inhibiting effect of the electric double layer (EDL) and the osmotic expansion. Therefore, adjusting solution conditions of the aqueous suspension to tune the particle coagulation behavior is one of the effective methods to solve the problem of montmorillonite dewatering.

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Surface chemistry and rheological properties of API bentonite drilling fluid: pH effect, yield stress, zeta potential and ageing behaviour

Cited by 64 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

Effect of pH on Rheological and Filtration Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Based on Bentonite

Formulation of cellulose using groundnut husk as an environment-friendly fluid loss retarder additive and rheological modifier comparable to PAC for WBM

Tunable Dewatering Behavior of Montmorillonite Suspension by Adjusting Solution pH and Electrolyte Concentration

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