The Structure of Indigenous Food Crop Markets in sub-Saharan Africa: The Rice Market in Uganda

Kikuchi, Masao; Haneishi, Yusuke; Tokida, Kunihiro; Maruyama, Atsushi; Asea, Godfrey; Tatsushi, Tsuboi

doi:10.1080/00220388.2015.1098629

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Considering variation within the Supa genotypes, Supa 1052 and Supa 5 contained high concentrations of 2AP, but Supa 3 genotype had non-detectable levels of 2AP. This finding is inconsistent with earlier reports from several workers who had advanced the idea that all Supa lines, including Supa 3 were aromatic (Kikuchi et al, 2015;Kanaabi et al, 2018. thus, the indiscriminate reliance on the Supa , 2012).…”

Section: Concentration Of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline In the Rice Genotypescontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Africa reportedly produces at least 23.8 million tons of rice, approximately 16.4% of the global milled rice production (FAOSTAT, 2017). In Uganda, rice productivity has increased since 1961 from 1.3 to 2.3 t/ha (Kikuchi et al, 2015) with recently estimated total production at 261,620 tons (FAOSTAT, 2017). Even with the recent yield increase mainly due to newly released high yielding rice varieties, the country is unlikely to attain selfsufficiency in rice production by 2025 (Oort et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and aroma in Uganda rice populations with Oryza (barthi, glaberrima and sativa) backgrounds

Ocan¹,

Zhang²,

Odoch³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The sweet popcorn aroma conferred by 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) is a highly economic trait of rice grain attracting premium price worldwide. This research study was conducted to determine the levels of 2AP in Ugandan rice lines with the aim of establishing a better understanding on the level and classes of 2AP and aroma phenotype. Concentration of 2AP was assayed using two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS) in tandem with sensory evaluation. Substantial variations in aroma intensity within and between the Uganda rice families were recorded. However, the levels of aroma variation were strongly influenced by the type of rice, and the breeding population it was derived from. Hence, three aroma based categories, namely, nonaromatic, moderately aromatic and highly aromatic were identified. GC with complementary sensory evaluation suggested a highly complex nature of rice aroma, as several rice lines were reclassified on the basis of this study. The 2AP contents and aroma intensity for genotypes with O. glaberrima were low compared to O. sativa and O. barthi. Genotypes of Supa 5, Supa 1052, Yasmin aromatic and MET 3 contained high 2AP levels whereas MET 16, MET 6, AGRA 78, AGRA 55, AGRA 41 and Sande TXD 306 exhibited moderate 2AP contents. Therefore, in developing an optimal breeding strategy aimed at improving the aroma in rice, quantitative information about 2AP and complementary sensory evaluation are a prerequisite.

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Section: Concentration Of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline In the Rice Genotypescontrasting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and aroma in Uganda rice populations with Oryza (barthi, glaberrima and sativa) backgrounds

Ocan¹,

Zhang²,

Odoch³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Since their release, NERICA varieties have gradually reached urban markets in Uganda, where they currently tend to be sold unbranded and commingled with the variety Kaiso , which has become a generic brand name for standard, non-fragrant rice by Ugandan consumers ( Kikuchi et al, 2013 ). Hence, since the arrival of NERICAs on the market, the market standard Kaiso has gradually become a mixture of NERICAs and older upland varieties, which renders it difficult to use Kaiso as a market reference for comparison purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, since the arrival of NERICAs on the market, the market standard Kaiso has gradually become a mixture of NERICAs and older upland varieties, which renders it difficult to use Kaiso as a market reference for comparison purposes. Commingled NERICA and Kaiso are further blended with Supa , the premium fragrant rice variety on the market which is most popular in the region (see Kikuchi et al, 2013 ). Consumers have now become familiarized with the new blended market standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confronting genetic gains with markets: Retrospective lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in Uganda

2020

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Breeders have two non-exclusive strategic investment options for increasing smallholder farmers’ and consumers’ livelihoods through genetic improvement of crop varieties: (i) enhancing productivity; and (ii) enhancing value and market access. New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties with superior agronomic characteristics were bred and introduced in various African countries in the early 2000s. Two decades later, drought tolerant NERICA4 is among the popular upland rice varieties grown across Africa. We analyze market evidence for NERICA4 from Uganda in 2011, i.e. well before it massively reached urban markets, where it is currently commingled with standard rice. We then compare the breeding priorities that would have ensued from the 2011 market evidence with the reality a decade later. Non-hypothetical auction experiments with consumers were conducted in urban Uganda in 2011 to predict potential market share and value of non-fragrant NERICA4 and fragrant NERICA1, relative to two market standards, i.e. non-fragrant Kaiso, and Supa, the most popular fragrant rice variety in the region. Average consumer bids positioned the two NERICAs between both market standards. Whereas NERICA1 easily outcompeted NERICA4 and Kaiso in the non-fragrant rice category, it failed to compete with Supa in the fragrant category. The 2011 market evidence would have suggested breeders prioritize investment in breeding programs for fragrant NERICAs to help smallholders gain access to high-value markets and expand consumers’ choice with cheaper fragrant rice alternatives. However, the popularity of NERICA4 relative to NERICA1 in farmers’ fields seems to suggest that agronomic genetic gains may have outweighed market traits such as fragrance.

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“…theft or price drop). This argument is supported by the findings of Kikuchi et al (2015) on rice marketing in Uganda and Fafchamps et al (2005) in Benin, Madagascar and Malawi that marketing costs are nearly proportional to transaction size with very little evidence of returns to scale in agricultural trade. Sitko and Jayne (2014) equally argue that food markets are highly competitive in terms of number of traders and marketing margins and that traders improve farmers' access to markets in remote areas in Sub-Saharan Africa and should be supported in order to further develop competitive rural markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Smallholder Food Marketing Behaviour

Ntakyo¹,

Berg²

2018

APSTRACT

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Many farmers in Africa sell their produce at low prices immediately after harvest because they need cash. They could solve temporary liquidity constraints by use of credit and store their produce to sell when prices are high. However, due to various reasons such many poor farmers have been excluded from formal financial services. In response, the informal financial market has expanded, but the question why informal credit has not facilitated storage to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities remains largely unanswered. To answer this question, we investigate the role of informal credit markets and traders in stabilizing seasonal food crop prices. Our analysis is based on a household survey data, and in-depth interviews with key players in the informal credit market and grain traders in rural southwestern Uganda. We find that community-based self-help savings and credit associations provide credit for the majority (62%) of farmers. Informal credit still excludes the very poor and is not sufficient to enable farmers benefit from intertemporal arbitrage opportunities. Thus, poor farmers continue to ‘sell low and buy high’. The study also addresses a related fundamental aspect of food marketing: why is there no competition between traders bidding up prices after harvest and eliminating seasonal price fluctuations? We analyse traders’ costs and profit structure in the study area, and shed some light on imperfections in the grain market and the barriers that limit competition between traders. We find that grain trade is not highly competitive. High transaction costs and limited access to credit are the main barriers limiting competition. Supporting community-based self-help savings and credit associations to raise their portfolio can enable more farmers to borrow at the same time. Investing in infrastructure, organising and supporting small scale farmers to bulk their produce might lower transaction costs, promote competition and dampen price fluctuations. JEL Classification: D53, O13, O16, Q12, Q13

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The Structure of Indigenous Food Crop Markets in sub-Saharan Africa: The Rice Market in Uganda

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Relationship between 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and aroma in Uganda rice populations with Oryza (barthi, glaberrima and sativa) backgrounds

Relationship between 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and aroma in Uganda rice populations with Oryza (barthi, glaberrima and sativa) backgrounds

Confronting genetic gains with markets: Retrospective lessons from New Rice for Africa (NERICA) in Uganda

Smallholder Food Marketing Behaviour

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