The structure of EEG arousal as a dynamic ensemble of neuronal activities in cat motor cortex.

Ezure, Kazuhisa; Oshima, Tomokazu

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.31.809

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…There have been a number of studies in which the cortical and behavioral arousal is induced by repetitive EPICS to various regions of the cerebral cortex (SEGUNDO et al, 1955a, b;FANGEL and KAADA, 1960;KAADA and JOHANNESSEN, 1960;URSIN et al, 1967;WILCOTT and HOEL, 1973;VALE et al, 1976). In initiating the present study it seemed attractive to relate these observations directly to the assumption that the "arousal" circuit postulated earlier for the initial phasic phase (INUBUsHI et al, 1978b;EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981c) was driven into action by repetitive EPICS. Of course, the cortically driven EEG and behavioral arousal could have become generalized through re-activation of the ascending reticular activating system by the corticofugal impulses generated by EPICS (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Fast PT cells could reveal DF by EPICS as in the phasic arousal. DI was observed in deep layer cells, but not K. EZURE, M. OGURI, and T. OSHIMA frequently during both the EPICS and phasic EEG arousal (INUBUSHI et al, 1978b;EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981c). There is therefore good reason to pursue this line of comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the excitatory "cortical tonus" has been found in deep layer cells as the level of excitatory bombardments during a spontaneous sleep-waking cycle (EZURE and OsHIMA, 1981a, b). This excitatory input would originate from the afferent pathways other than those projecting toward the superficial cortical layers (EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981c).…”

Section: Depth Distribution Of Cells With Classified Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

1985

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1) In the encephale isole cat preparation the surface of precruciate cortex was electrically stimulated. Intracellular responses underneath the stimulated site were recorded to assess the vertical spread of activities across the cortical layers. 2) To the epicortical stimulation (EPICS) with intensity adjusted to evoke a pure negative wave in the direct cortical response (DCR), only some neurons in relatively superficial layers responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). 3) Stimuli intensified to evoke both the negative and subsequent positive waves in DCR produced in all tested cells either EPSPs, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), or both. Direct or axonal antidromic excitation of the cell was observed only infrequently. 4) Cells with EPSPs distributed through all the layers with two peak populations in laminae II and V-VI. Those with IPSPs were located mainly in the upper half of lamina III with a few in more superficial as well as in deeper layers. Both EPSPs and IPSPs showed mono-or oligosynaptic latencies (0.6-10 msec) that tended to become longer in deep than in superficial layers. 5) Some deep layer cells including fast and slow pyramidal tract cells showed slowly rising monosynaptic EPSPs of dendritic origin. 6) Further late responses consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs, disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). DF or DI occurred in some deep layer cells. 7) Two modes of vertical spread of activities were postulated : one the cascade transmissions which increased response repertoire toward the depths, and the other the electrotonic spread of EPSPs along dendrites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depth Distribution Of Cells With Classified Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

1985

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“…Evidence for the existence of cells of this type will be given in a following paper (EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dual activity patterns of fast pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during EEG arousal in the cat.

Ezure

Oshima

1981

Jpn.J.Physiol

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1. Intracellular activities of fast pyramidal tract (PT) cells and their family neurones were investigated during the EEG arousal of various degrees in terms of (1) the strength of natural or midbrain reticular stimuli, (2) the length of aroused EEG and (3) the extent of stage shift from EEG synchronization to desynchronization. 2. These cells showed a response pattern of either disfacilitation (DF), disfacilitation followed by excitation (DF+E) or excitation (E). DF and E components in these responses were respectively quantified with their amplitude and incidence, and their relations to the above-listed intensity parameters of EEG arousal were examined. 3. The threshold of eliciting DF response was lower than that for E response to natural and reticular stimuli. On intensifying the parameters of EEG arousal, accompanying increases were observed in E response but not in DF response. Rather, DF response was often masked by E response on application of relatively intense stimuli, or was decreased in a reciprocal manner to the increase of E response in accordance with the degree of EEG arousal. 4. It is postulated that the phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal manifested, respectively, as the initial DF and late E responses bear different functions, the former representing the cerebral state of a general set on receipt of a novel stimulus, and the latter involving the state of actively responding to the stimulus by encoding its intensity.The initial phasic and late tonic phases of EEG arousal have been discriminated according to the differences in susceptibility to habituation (SHARPLESS and JASPER, 1956), in the amplitude of the cortical evoked potentials (WALSH and CORDEAU, 1965;ALLISON and GOFF, 1968;COURTOIS and CORDEAU, 1969) or in the firing rate of cortical neurones (STERIADE, 1970; STERIADE et al., 1974a, b;STERIADE and HOBSON, 1976). In the motor area of the cat cerebral cortex, fast pyramidal tract (PT) cells and some non-PT cells play a part of the index differentiating between these two phases of EEG arousal by displaying a dichotomic pattern consisting

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“…The depolarizing influence of midbrain reticular stimulation on PT neurons was first reported during the 1960s (9) and has been intensively investigated since the late 1970s by Oshima and colleagues (136)(137)(138)211,212,4Ol), using intracellular recordings in brain stem-transected preparations.…”

Section: Cortical Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.

Steriade

Llinás

1988

Physiological Reviews

1,595

765

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The main impetus for our writing this review was the plethora of recent findings relating to the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of central neurons and to the characteristics of various synaptic networks. Indeed, the study of the thalamus has seen a true renaissance based on the combination of modern in vitro electrophysiological techniques with the more classical in vivo approaches to the study of thalamocortical physiology. Although we represent different levels of neurobiological research (MS.

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The structure of EEG arousal as a dynamic ensemble of neuronal activities in cat motor cortex.

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

Dual activity patterns of fast pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during EEG arousal in the cat.

The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay.

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