Dual activity patterns of fast pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during EEG arousal in the cat.

Ezure, Kazuhisa; Oshima, Tomokazu

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.31.717

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, it may be legitimate to ask if a region confined around the stimulated site is driven into the arousal state. For example, a state of readiness in phasic arousal is represented by fast PT cells subjected to DF (INUBUsHI et al, 1978b;EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981a). A similar state of depression has been observed in the PT cells of putative fast group during repetitive EPICS (BRANCH and MARTIN, 1958).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

1985

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1) In the encephale isole cat preparation the surface of precruciate cortex was electrically stimulated. Intracellular responses underneath the stimulated site were recorded to assess the vertical spread of activities across the cortical layers. 2) To the epicortical stimulation (EPICS) with intensity adjusted to evoke a pure negative wave in the direct cortical response (DCR), only some neurons in relatively superficial layers responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). 3) Stimuli intensified to evoke both the negative and subsequent positive waves in DCR produced in all tested cells either EPSPs, inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), or both. Direct or axonal antidromic excitation of the cell was observed only infrequently. 4) Cells with EPSPs distributed through all the layers with two peak populations in laminae II and V-VI. Those with IPSPs were located mainly in the upper half of lamina III with a few in more superficial as well as in deeper layers. Both EPSPs and IPSPs showed mono-or oligosynaptic latencies (0.6-10 msec) that tended to become longer in deep than in superficial layers. 5) Some deep layer cells including fast and slow pyramidal tract cells showed slowly rising monosynaptic EPSPs of dendritic origin. 6) Further late responses consisted of EPSPs, IPSPs, disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). DF or DI occurred in some deep layer cells. 7) Two modes of vertical spread of activities were postulated : one the cascade transmissions which increased response repertoire toward the depths, and the other the electrotonic spread of EPSPs along dendrites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…2A. The majority of the sample was obtained in the upper half of the cortex, being perhaps biased by the factors of cell size and population density (INUBUSHI et al, 1978a;EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981a). Twenty-two of 607 cells (U in Fig.…”

Section: Cell Sampling and General Remarks On Neuronal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

1985

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“…This reset state becomes manifest as DF in fast PT cells and their family neurons (EZURE and OsHIMA, 1981a). In good agreement with a diffuse nature of the phasic EEG arousal, DF by EPICS were found in deep layer cells more conspicuously from distant than near sites (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Lateral spread of neuronal activity within the motor cortex investigated with intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation.

Ezure

Oshima

1985

Jpn.J.Physiol

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1) Lateral spread of activity within the motor cortex was examined by means of analyses of the direct cortical responses (DCRs) and intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation (EPICS) using cat encephale isole preparations. 2) DCRs to the EPICS at a distance of 1.5-6.5 mm consisted of initial small positive (Pd) and subsequent negative waves (Nd). The reversal of polarity in depths occurred at 400-550 µm for Pd' and at 150-250 um for Nd as well as for the initial negative wave elicited by near EPICS, 3) Intracellular responses to distant EPICS consisted of excitatory (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP), disfacilitation (DF), and disinhibition (DI). Depth distributions of cells with EPSPs at two peaks in laminae II and V-VI, with IPSPs mainly in lamina III, and with DF or DI in laminae V-VI were the same with those by near EPICS. The inhibitory effects of distant EPICS on middle layer cells were much greater than those by near EPICS. 4) No linear relations of the latency of EPSPs or IPSPs to the depth were seen for distant EPICS. Instead, the latency increased in proportion to the lateral distance in EPSPs at a slower rate than in IPSPs compared in superficial and middle layer cells. 5) Several routes for lateral spread of activity were postulated. Most conspicuous are the excitatory route via horizontal axons in lamina I and the inhibitory route via laterally running axons in laminae II-III, which produce overall excitation of superficial layer cells and depression of middle and deep layer cells. Their possible role in phasic cortical arousal was discussed.

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“…The experimental set-ups were the same as those in previous papers (INUBusHI et al, 1978a, b;EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the preceding paper (EZURE and OSHIMA, 1981a) the phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal were discriminated by responses of an initial disfacilitation (DF) and a late excitation (E) in fast pyramidal tract (PT) cells and their family neurones. The late E response as an index of tonic EEG arousal was demonstrated to occur in response to midbrain reticular or natural stimuli to an extent which was approximately proportional to the stimulus intensity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Excitation of slow pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal.

Ezure

Oshima

1981

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Intracellular activities of slow pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones were investigated during the EEG arousal of various intensities. 2. By assessing the intensity of midbrain reticular or natural stimuli, the arousal length of EEG and the extent of EEG stage shift, these neurones were identified as the recipient of enduring excitation (E+E) during both the phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal, and were termed E+E cells. 3. These cells were located in all the cortical laminae. E+E responses took the form of continuous depolarization in most of the deep cortical layer cells, but separated initial and late peaks of depolarization were seen in most of the superficial layer cells. 4. The E+E response versus stimulus intensity or arousal length relationship consisted of plateau and rising limbs, which would characterize the initial and late E components, respectively. 6. The excitatory tonus was revealed in E+E cells with mean levels of resting membrane potential, being most hyperpolarized during highly synchronized EEG and gradually depolarized according to stage shift towards desynchronization.

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Dual activity patterns of fast pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during EEG arousal in the cat.

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

Vertical spread of neuronal activity within the cat motor cortex investigated with epicortical stimulation and intracellular recording.

Lateral spread of neuronal activity within the motor cortex investigated with intracellular responses to distant epicortical stimulation.

Excitation of slow pyramidal tract cells and their family neurones during phasic and tonic phases of EEG arousal.

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