The structure of condensed chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis of insects

Wolf, Klaus

doi:10.1016/0020-7322(95)00021-6

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Compared to B. mori, markers for the genes tpi and apterous were shared on the Z chromosome of the postman butterfly H. melpomene (Yasukochi et al 2006) and inversions have been demonstrated in the squinting bush brown butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Beldade et al 2009). Compared to the B. mori chromosome 1 (Z), the B. anynana inversions took place in regions syntenic to positions 1-10.88 Mb, but as Lepidoptera have holocentric chromosomes that do not exhibit primary constrictions indicative of centromeres (Murakami and Imai 1974), we cannot assign such rearrangements to chromosome ''arms'' (Wolf 1996). The tobacco hornworm moth Manduca sexta was found to have an inversion (relative to B. mori) encompassing nearly half of the Z chromosome (Yasukochi et al 2009), and studies by Beldade et al (2009) and Yasukochi et al (2009) confirm that rearrangements have affected the structures of the Z chromosome among lepidopteran lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

et al. 2011

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Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosome-linked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of ~89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosome-linked genes showed conservation of tissuespecific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera. Abstract Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosomelinked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of *89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosomelinked genes showed conservation of tissue-specific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

et al. 2011

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“…In this case, however, genome rearrangements leading to the reduction of chromosome number did not result in a polykinetic organi- In mammalian cells, kinetochores are organized by specific DNA elements (Choo et a!., 1991) and this appears to be the case also in insects. The number of centromere-specific DNA sequences, The Genetical Society of Great Britain, Heredity, 79, 135-143. detected in this group, is increasing (for a review, see Wolf, 1996). As a rule, the centromere-associated DNA is repetitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Kinetic organization of metaphase I bivalents in spermatogenesis of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera species with small chromosome numbers

1997

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The fine structure of bivalents in metaphase I spermatocytes of two Lepidoptera species, Orgyia thyellina Butler (n = 11) and 0. antiqua (L.) (n = 14) (Lymantriidae), and a Trichoptera species, Limnephilus decipiens (Kolenat) (n = 10) (Limnephilidae) were studied using a series of ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscopy. The bulk of species in both orders possess a haploici chromosome number of about 30. Thus, the experimental species have relatively small chromosome numbers. This study showed that metaphase I bivalents in both Lepidoptera species are polykinetic; attachment of kinetochore microtubules is found scattered throughout the entire poleward chromosomal surface. The microtubules were inserted in material of medium electron density. A pair of distinct kinetochore plates, consisting of material of about the same electron density as the chromatin, was detected at each poleward chromosomal surface in metaphase I bivalents of the caddis-fly, L. decipiens. The observations suggest that DNA elements responsible for the organization of the kinetochores are dispersed throughout the chromosomes in the two Lepidoptera species, whereas they are narrowly clustered in the Trichoptera. Thus, karyotype evolution in the closely related Lepidoptera and the Trichoptera involved widely differing mechanisms.

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“…Lepidopteran chromosomes are holokinetic with kinetochores covering most of the chromosome length (Wolf 1996). Fusions as well as fissions should be facilitated with this type of chromosome.…”

Section: Variations Of the Wz Themementioning

confidence: 99%