Sex chromosome evolution in moths and butterflies

Sahara, Ken; Yoshido, Atsuo; Traut, Walther

doi:10.1007/s10577-011-9262-z

Cited by 99 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…ganisms, the Y or W is absent (XO males vs. XX females or ZO females vs. ZZ males), and others possess more complex sex chromosome systems [Grützner et al, 2004;Sahara et al, 2012]. In some species, haploid individuals become males and diploids become females, and in others, the zygotic genotype at many loci determines the sexual fate (polyfactorial or polygenic systems) [Bull, 1983].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cytogenetic Search for Cryptic Sex Chromosomes in Painted Turtles Chrysemys picta

Valenzuela

Badenhorst

Montiel

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Sex determination is triggered by factors ranging from genotypic (GSD) to environmental (ESD), or both GSD + EE (GSD susceptible to environmental effects), and its evolution remains enigmatic. The presence/absence of sex chromosomes purportedly separates species at the ESD end of the continuum from the rest (GSD and GSD + EE) because the evolutionary dynamics of sex chromosomes and autosomes differ. However, studies suggest that turtles with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) are cryptically GSD and possess sex chromosomes. Here, we test this hypothesis in painted turtles Chrysemys picta (TSD), using comparative-genome-hybridization (CGH), a technique known to detect morphologically indistinguishable sex chromosomes in other turtles and reptiles. Our results show no evidence for the existence of sex chromosomes in painted turtles. While it remains plausible that cryptic sex chromosomes may exist in TSD turtles that are characterized by minor genetic differences that cannot be detected at the resolution of CGH, previous attempts have failed to identify sex-specific markers. Genomic sequencing should prove useful in providing conclusive evidence in this regard. If such efforts uncover sex chromosomes in TSD turtles, it may reveal the existence of a fundamental constraint for the evolution of a full spectrum of sex determination (from pure GSD to pure TSD) that is predicted theoretically. Finding sex chromosomes in ESD organisms would question whether pure ESD mechanisms exist at all in nature, or whether those systems currently considered pure ESD simply await the characterization of an underlying GSD architecture.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cytogenetic Search for Cryptic Sex Chromosomes in Painted Turtles Chrysemys picta

Valenzuela

Badenhorst

Montiel

et al. 2014

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…The genus Ostrinia, like most lepidopterans (Sahara et al, 2012), has a female-heterogametic sex chromosome system: males and females are ZZ and WZ, respectively. Hence, the Z heterochromosome was recognized in R_C04 as Mapping reproductive isolation in Ostrinia spp R Streiff et al the linkage group bearing the Tpi locus.…”

Section: Mapping Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic mapping of two components of reproductive isolation between two sibling species of moths, Ostrinia nubilalis and O. scapulalis

Streiff¹,

Courtois²,

Meusnier³

et al. 2013

Heredity

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We report the quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of reproductive isolation traits between Ostrinia nubilalis (the European corn borer) and its sibling species O. scapulalis (the Adzuki bean borer), focusing on two traits: mating isolation (mi) and pheromone production (Pher). Four genetic maps were generated from two backcross families, with two maps (one chromosomal map and one linkage map) per backcross. We located 165-323 AFLP markers on these four maps, resulting in the identification of 27-31 linkage groups, depending on the map considered. No-choice mating experiments with the offspring of each backcross led to the detection of at least two QTLs for mi in different linkage groups. QTLs underlying Pher were located in a third linkage group. The Z heterochromosome was identified by a specific marker (Tpi) and did not carry any of these QTLs. Finally, we considered the global divergence between the two sibling species, distortions of segregation throughout the genome, and the location and effect of mi and Pher QTLs in light of the known candidate genes for reproductive isolation within the genus Ostrinia and, more broadly, in phytophagous insects.

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“…It has been proposed that the sexual development depends either on the presence of W chromosome encoding a female-determining signal (dominant W) or on the dosage of Z chromosomes carrying male-promoting genes and acting against female-promoting genes located on autosomes, the so-called Z-counting mechanism (Traut et al, 2007;Sahara et al, 2012). The 'dominant W' sex determination mechanism has been well established in B. mori.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Nagano, Japan) with 2n = 25♀/26♂, and neo-Wneo-Z/neo-Zneo-Z in S. c. walkeri (Sapporo, Japan) with 2n = 26♀/26♂ (Yoshido et al, 2005(Yoshido et al, , 2011a(Yoshido et al, , 2013. The variations in the constitution of sex chromosomes were derived from the loss of W chromosome and fusion between the sex chromosomes and autosomes, resulting in different chromosome numbers (Yoshido et al, 2011a, b;Sahara et al, 2012). For example, the neo-Z chromosome in S. c. walkeri arose by fusion between the Z chromosome and chromosome 13 of S. c. pryeri (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction

2016

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Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have sex chromosome systems with female heterogamety (WZ/ZZ or derived variants). The maternally inherited W chromosome is known to determine female sex in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. However, little is known about the role of W chromosome in other lepidopteran species. Here we describe two forms of the W chromosome, W and neo-W, that are transmitted to both sexes in offspring of hybrids from reciprocal crosses between subspecies of wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia. We performed crosses between S. c. pryeri (2n = 28, WZ/ZZ) and S. c. walkeri (2n = 26, neo-Wneo-Z/neo-Zneo-Z) and examined fitness and sex chromosome constitution in their hybrids. The F 1 hybrids of both reciprocal crosses had reduced fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed not only the expected sex chromosome constitutions in the backcross and F 2 hybrids of both sexes but also females without the W (or neo-W) chromosome and males carrying the W (or neo-W) chromosome. Furthermore, crosses between the F 2 hybrids revealed no association between the presence or absence of W (or neo-W) chromosome and variations in the hatchability of their eggs. Our results clearly suggest that the W (or neo-W) chromosome of S. cynthia ssp. plays no role in sex determination and reproduction, and thus does not contribute to the formation of reproductive barriers between different subspecies.

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Sex chromosome evolution in moths and butterflies

Abstract: Lepidoptera, i.e. moths and butterflies, have a female heterogametic sex chromosome system, with most females having a WZ constitution while males are ZZ. Besides this predominant WZ/ZZ

Cited by 99 publications

References 55 publications

Molecular Cytogenetic Search for Cryptic Sex Chromosomes in Painted Turtles <b><i>Chrysemys picta</i></b>

Molecular Cytogenetic Search for Cryptic Sex Chromosomes in Painted Turtles <b><i>Chrysemys picta</i></b>

Genetic mapping of two components of reproductive isolation between two sibling species of moths, Ostrinia nubilalis and O. scapulalis

The fate of W chromosomes in hybrids between wild silkmoths, Samia cynthia ssp.: no role in sex determination and reproduction

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