The structural characterization of a polysaccharide exhibiting antitumor effect from Pholiota adiposa mycelia

Abstract

PAP80-2a, purified from Pholiota adiposa mycelia, is a polysaccharide exhibiting prominent antitumor effects. However, the yield of PAP80-2a was low and its structure has not been characterized, impeding the exploration of its structure-function relationship, thus influencing the development of oral drugs for antitumor therapy and immunomodulation. In order to improve the yield of PAP80-2a, response surface methodology along with Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions for polysaccharides. Then, the structure of PAP80-2a exhibiting antitumor activity was determined from different angles. The results showed that the extraction yield of P. adiposa polysaccharides increased by 11.5% under optimized ultrasonic extraction conditions. Structural analysis showed that PAP80-2a was mainly composed of glucose, rhamnose, xylose, and galactose in a ratio of 10.00: 2.09: 4.09: 1.13. The total amino acid content in the sugar chain was 69.92 μg/mL. The sugar chain structure was [α-Rha (1 → 3)-]n, and rhamnose was located at the non-reducing end of the sugar chain, while glucose was located at the non-reducing end or in the sugar chain in 1,2,6- and 1,3,6-linked forms. Our study clearly illuminates the primary structure of PAP80-2a, but 3D structure of PAP80-2a and its structure–function relationship is a future challenge.

Chemical characterization ofCassia fistulapolysaccharide (CFP) and its potential application as a prebiotic in synbiotic preparation

“…Interestingly, the biological activities of glucose rich polysaccharides have been reported. 36 Structural analysis showed that Pholiota adiposa mycelial crude polysaccharide exhibits antitumor activity and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide at a high molar ratio. 36 …”

“… 36 Structural analysis showed that Pholiota adiposa mycelial crude polysaccharide exhibits antitumor activity and glucose was the predominant monosaccharide at a high molar ratio. 36 …”

“…The absorbance at 1406 cm −1 can be allocated to the methyl C–H wagging vibration. 36 Moreover, the small absorption bands at 919 cm −1 in IR spectra may be associated with β-glycosidic links between the sugar units. 39 In addition, the minor absorption bands at approximately 919 cm −1 in the spectra may be associated with β-glycosidic links between the sugar units.…”

Influence of Pholiota adiposa on gut microbiota and promote tumor cell apoptosis properties in H22 tumor-bearing mice

“…P. adiposa is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins, and sterols 7 . The fruit body of P. adiposa is rich in medicinal properties and contains functional substances, such as polysaccharides, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ribonucleic acids, lectins, triterpenoids, adenine, and steroids 8 . Consumption of P. adiposa has potential benefits, including heat dissipation, and promotion and regulation of the human body 9 .…”

Hepatoprotective effect of crude polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice

“…Polysaccharides are the active compounds of the Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.12/December-2019/15.pdf Ganoderma lucidum fungus and can be extracted from the fruiting body and mycelium. The previous research has shown that polysaccharides have immunomodulatory, anticancer, and anti-aging effects and can lower blood sugar levels [11][12][13]. G. lucidum can also reduce liver damage caused by chemicals and oxidative stress [14].…”