Structural compliance is the ability of a crystal structure to accommodate variations in local atomic bond-lengths without incurring large strain energies. We show that the structural compliance of cuprates is relatively small, so that short, highly doped, Cu-O-Cu bonds in stripes are subject to a tensile misfit strain. We develop a model to describe the effect of misfit strain on charge ordering in the copper oxygen planes of oxide materials and illustrate some of the low energy stripe nanostructures that can result. 74.72.Dn,61.72.Lk The existence of charge stripes in high T c superconductors [1] and their relevance to the high-T c property [2,3] are hotly debated subjects at present. The tendency towards charge phase separation and stripe formation has been seen in models of strongly correlated electron systems [2][3][4][5][6]. Charge stripes have also been seen directly in strongly correlated systems such as manganites [7] and nickelates [8]. In the cuprates, convincing direct evidence for stripes comes with the observation of charge-order superlattice peaks in La 1.6−x Nd 0.4 Sr x CuO 4 , though the observation of static long-range ordered stripes correlates with poor or nonexistent superconductivity [1,9]. The interest has shifted to dynamic fluctuating short-range ordered stripes. Indirect experimental evidence exists from inelastic neutron scattering supporting their presence in La 2−x (Sr,Ba) x CuO 4 [10] and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+δ [11,12]. The observation of a pseudo gap in the electronic density of states above T c is even more widespread [13] and can be interpreted as originating from dynamic stripes. Of critical importance is an understanding of what prevents stripes ordering over long-range and becoming static and insulating. Here we stress the importance of lattice strain to this phenomenon.Strong coupling of doped charges to the lattice is clearly evident in the cuprates [1,11,14,15]. A direct way in which the charge couples to the lattice is through the Cu-O bond length which depends on charge filling of the Cu-O σ * covalent bond [16]. Doping holes into the CuO 2 plane reduces charge density in this bond which stabilizes and shortens the bond. This is seen experimentally as a shortening of the Cu-O bond with increasing doping [17] and has profound implications when chargestripes are present. The presence of charge stripes implies that regions of the CuO 2 plane that are heavily doped, and therefore have short bonds, coexist with undoped regions with long bonds. Experimental evidence for this coexistence has been presented in superconducting La 2−x (Sr,Ba) x CuO 4 samples [18]. We show that this results in a misfit strain that breaks up the stripes into a domain microstructure. The characteristic length-scale of the domains depends on the misfit strain and can range from nanometer to long range. The importance of elastic compliance and interface strain to texture formation has been discussed in related ferroelastic materials [19] but this is the first time it is discussed in the context of breaking...