The strength of weak embodiment

Tirado, Carlos; Khatin‐Zadeh, Omid; Gastelum, Melina; Jones, Nathan Leigh; Marmolejo‐Ramos, Fernando

doi:10.21500/20112084.3420

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…From an embodied perspective (Tirado et al, 2018;Khatin-Zadeh et al, 2021), these results could be attributed to PD patients' difficulty to access manipulable objects' semantic representation. Previous studies suggest that PD is associated with deficits in the semantic representation of actions/verbs that imply movement (Cardona et al, 2014;Bocanegra et al, 2015;Melloni et al, 2015;Suárez-García et al, 2021) or functional manipulability (Péran et al, 2009;Herrera et al, 2012;Bocanegra et al, 2017).…”

Section: Semantic Memory In Pdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

Cardona

Grisales-Cárdenas

Trujillo-Llano

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a progressive impairment in motor and cognitive functions. Although semantic fluency deficits have been described in PD, more specific semantic memory (SM) and lexical availability (LA) domains have not been previously addressed. Here, we aimed to characterize the cognitive performance of PD patients in a set of SM and LA measures and determine the smallest set of neuropsychological (lexical, semantic, or executive) variables that most accurately classify groups. Thirty early-stage non-demented PD patients (age 35–75, 10 females) and thirty healthy controls (age 36–76, 12 females) were assessed via general cognitive, SM [three subtests of the CaGi battery including living (i.e., elephant) and non-living things (i.e., fork)], and LA (eliciting words from 10 semantic categories related to everyday life) measures. Results showed that PD patients performed lower than controls in two SM global scores (picture naming and naming in response to an oral description). This impairment was particularly pronounced in the non-living things subscale. Also, the number of words in the LA measure was inferior in PD patients than controls, in both larger and smaller semantic fields, showing a more inadequate recall strategy. Notably, the classification algorithms indicated that the SM task had high classification accuracy. In particular, the denomination of non-living things had a classification accuracy of ∼80%. These results suggest that frontostriatal deterioration in PD leads to search strategy deficits in SF and the potential disruption in semantic categorization. These findings are consistent with the embodied view of cognition.

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Section: Semantic Memory In Pdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

Cardona

Grisales-Cárdenas

Trujillo-Llano

et al. 2021

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…However, these stimulus relationships do not reflect their implicit attitudes. This can be explained by the fact that certain implicit attitudes remain stable throughout life, corresponding with “grounded experience” in weak embodied cognition, which implies that cognitive phenomena such as memory, cognition, reasoning, social ranking, and even moral values are mostly mediated and shaped by our everyday life experiences (Tirado et al, 2018). In the case of the vertical spatial metaphor of power, this might have to be due to its ubiquity: in Chinese culture, verbal expressions are often used to denote this spatial metaphor, such as and .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Vertical Spatial Metaphor of Power Concepts Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

2019

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This experimental study explored the use of the implicit relational assessment procedure (IRAP) for understanding the vertical spatial metaphor of power. In the classic IRAP procedure, we formed four sets of stimuli based on the relationship between power words (powerful and powerless words) and vertical position on a computer screen (upper or lower) that were either pro-metaphor (i.e., powerful-high, powerless-low) or anti-metaphor (i.e., powerful-low, powerless-high). Participants were then asked to judge whether the words were consistent or inconsistent with the set of instructions given to them. We found that the D irap scores of powerful words in an above vertical space and powerless words in a below vertical space were higher than zero. Furthermore, the D irap scores of the pro-metaphor stimuli were significantly greater than were those of the anti-metaphor stimuli. Vertical spatial position metaphor of power concepts was verified again by IRAP. These findings suggest that there is an established spatial metaphor for power, which we explain using relational frame theory. It is the first study to our knowledge to explore this metaphor using the IRAP, which overcomes the limitations of paradigms such as the implicit association test, and provides a better understanding of the mechanism of the metaphor.

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“…Sharing this viewpoint, an embodiment approach considers the mind in relationship to the physical body, whose sensory and motor systems interact with the environment (e.g. Tirado et al, 2018;Wilson, 2002). Within this approach, psychological processes such as thoughts, perceptions and feelings are related to bodily states.…”

Section: Embodied Cognition and The Relationship Between Physical And Psychological Warmthmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the physical coldness in the viewer's environment leads to identification with a suffering protagonist

Tal‐Or

Razpurker‐Apfeld

2020

Int J Psychol

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B ased on theories of narrative engagement and embodied cognition, we hypothesised that a fit between the psychological state of a protagonist and the physical sensation of the viewer would enhance the subsequent identification with the protagonist, but not para-social relationship with him (seeing the protagonist as a friend). We also hypothesised that identification and a para-social relationship would lead to distinct effects on attitudes related to the narrative. Participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to either a warmed or cooled room where they watched a movie clip alone in which a suffering protagonist wanted to undergo euthanasia while his close others wanted him to stay alive. Then, the participants answered a questionnaire measuring their identification and para-social relationship with the protagonist and their attitudes toward euthanasia. In accordance with the hypotheses, the results demonstrated that feeling cold enhanced identification with the suffering protagonist. However, the environmental temperature did not affect the development of para-social relationships. Moreover, identification with the suffering protagonist contributed to acceptance of his attitudes, reflected in more positive views of euthanasia. In contrast, having a para-social relationship with the protagonist resulted in negative attitudes toward euthanasia.

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The strength of weak embodiment

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

Semantic Memory and Lexical Availability in Parkinson’s Disease: A Statistical Learning Study

Measurement of the Vertical Spatial Metaphor of Power Concepts Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure

When the physical coldness in the viewer's environment leads to identification with a suffering protagonist

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