“…Existing research shows that health care inequalities are reproduced through the interplay of interpersonal, institutional, and structural factors in care delivery. For example, at the interpersonal level, recent research shows that clinician racial bias, whether implicit or explicit, is associated with poor treatment for African American patients (Hoffman, Trawalter, Axt, & Oliver, 2016; James, 2017). At the institutional level, literature describes how the typical structure of medical encounters plays a substantial role in the production of health care inequalities (Cooper & Roter, 2003; Waitzkin, 1993).…”