The story of a soil that became a glaze: Chemical and microscopic fingerprints on the Attic vases

Chaviara, Artemi; Aloupi-Siotis, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.016

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In fact, as suggested by the literature, Zn could be considered not only a provenance tracer but a technological marker, related to the clay refinement methods [43]. Other studies would correlate the Zn occurrence as typical of specific Greek clays used for the black gloss [46], however, from our characterization studies, such higher Zn traces have to be considered as specific of South-Italian products. XANES spectra and maps collected on these samples revealed the nature of Zn-spinel as ZnAl 2 O 4 (Gahnite) which is localized over the entire gloss thickness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

et al. 2021

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Synchrotron X-ray µ- and nano-probes are increasingly affirming their relevance in cultural heritage applications, especially in material characterization of tiny and complex micro-samples which are typical from archaeological and artistic artifacts. For such purposes, synchrotron radiation facilities are tailoring and optimizing beamlines and set-ups for CH, taking also advantages from the challenges offered by the third-generation radiation sources. In ancient ceramics studies, relevant information for the identification of production centers and manufacture technology can be obtained in a non-invasive and non-destructive way at the micro-sample level by combining different SR based methods. However, the selection of appropriate beamlines, techniques and set-ups are critical for the success of the experiments. Fine and varnished wares (e.g., Attic and western-Greek colonial products) are an excellent case study for exploring challenges offered by synchrotron X-ray microprobes optimized to collect microchemical and phase-distribution maps. The determination of provenance and/or technological tracers is relevant in correctly classifying productions, often based only on ceramic paste, gloss macroscopic features or style. In addition, when these vessels are preserved in Museums as masterpieces or intact pieces the application of non-invasive approach at the micro sample is strictly required. Well-designed synchrotron µXRF and µXANES mapping experiments are able providing relevant clues for discriminating workshops and exploring technological aspects, which are fundamental in answering the current archaeological questions on varnished Greek or western-Greek colonial products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

et al. 2021

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“…4(a)] and refers to the determination of the Fe chemical environment within the top glazed layer (with thickness of $ 10-40 mm) formed onto the ceramic body (Lü hl et al, 2014). The manufacture process of Attic black gloss is quite complex and its quality depends upon different factors such as the clay composition, grain size, firing temperature and the application of an oxidation-reductionoxidation firing cycle (Chaviara & Aloupi-Siotis, 2016;Cianchetta et al, 2015;Lü hl et al, 2014). The lower abundance of Fe(III) species within the black glaze has been suggested as a semi-quantitative indicator of its best quality (Lü hl et al, 2014).…”

Section: X-ray Absorption Measurements and Combined Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An IAEA multi-technique X-ray spectrometry endstation at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste: benchmarking results and interdisciplinary applications

et al. 2018

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The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) jointly with the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste (EST) operates a multipurpose X-ray spectrometry endstation at the X-ray Fluorescence beamline (10.1L). The facility has been available to external users since the beginning of 2015 through the peer-review process of EST. Using this collaboration framework, the IAEA supports and promotes synchrotron-radiation-based research and training activities for various research groups from the IAEA Member States, especially those who have limited previous experience and resources to access a synchrotron radiation facility. This paper aims to provide a broad overview about various analytical capabilities, intrinsic features and performance figures of the IAEA X-ray spectrometry endstation through the measured results. The IAEA-EST endstation works with monochromatic X-rays in the energy range 3.7-14 keV for the Elettra storage ring operating at 2.0 or 2.4 GeV electron energy. It offers a combination of different advanced analytical probes, e.g. X-ray reflectivity, X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements, grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence measurements, using different excitation and detection geometries, and thereby supports a comprehensive characterization for different kinds of nanostructured and bulk materials.

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“…One of the best explanations of this process can be found in the article published by Gliozzo and collaborators, where a wide selection of publications about the application of glosses can also be found (Gliozzo 2004, 227-228). It is also worth mentioning the studies focusing on the nature of Attic black gloss (Maniatis et al 1993) and on the clays used for their preparation (Chaviara and Aloupi 2016), which is the origin of Campanian pottery, as Maggetti and collaborators had already been pointed out (Maggetti et al 1981, 3-4). In this respect and based on current knowledge, it seems that Campanian A was certainly produced in Naples, where two workshops have been found (Laforgia 1988, Morel et al 1985, and Campanian C is a characteristic product of Sicily, where "imitations" of Campanian A have also been identified (Montana et al 2013).…”

Section: Archaeometric Studies On Late Republican Black Gloss Pottery: a Brief Summarymentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysing technical choices: improving the archaeological classification of Late Republican Black Gloss pottery in north-eastern Hispania consumption centres

Fernández

Sinner

2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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In order to improve archaeological classifications of Late Republican Black Gloss pottery, an assemblage from two consumption sites in north-eastern Hispania has been physicochemically characterized to identify its provenance and to gain an idea of its manufacture process. The study has been organized according to a multiphase sampling (Buxeda and Madrid 2016, 20). In the first phase, chemical characterization by means of Wavelength Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and mineralogical characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed. In the next phase, a subsample was microstructurally characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thanks to which the sintering/vitrification stage of the matrix and the gloss were determined.The combination of both disciplines, archaeology and archaeometry, enables us to identify four meaningful ceramic groups: Campanian A, Cales 1, 2, and 3. The study also allowed us to infer that all of them must be related to the Campanian region and assignable to three different chronological periods. The Campanian region thus seems to have been the primary source that supplied the settlements considered. The study also allows us to appreciate that the classification criteria used by the archaeologists working at those sites reflect the technical choices made by the potters and that, in many cases, they can only be detected and therefore interpreted by means of archaeometry.

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The story of a soil that became a glaze: Chemical and microscopic fingerprints on the Attic vases

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

Synchrotron X-ray Microprobes: An Application on Ancient Ceramics

An IAEA multi-technique X-ray spectrometry endstation at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste: benchmarking results and interdisciplinary applications

Analysing technical choices: improving the archaeological classification of Late Republican Black Gloss pottery in north-eastern Hispania consumption centres

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