The Status of Trace Elements Analysis in Biological Systems

Tudan, Christopher; Weber, Frank; Levine, Keith

doi:10.4155/bio.11.171

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The biological activity of Cr depends on its valence state and chemical complexes it forms [9,58,59]. Trivalent form of Cr has high biological activity which is required for the optimal glucose uptake by cells [59,60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Khan

Awan

2014

J Diabetes Metab Disord

113

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Minerals are one of the components of food, though they are not synthesized in the body but they are essential for optimal health. Several essential metals are required for the proper functioning of many enzymes, transcriptional factors and proteins important in various biochemical pathways. For example Zn, Mg and Mn are cofactors of hundreds of enzymes, and Zn is involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells. Similarly, Cr enhances the insulin receptor activity on target tissues, especially in muscle cells. Insulin is the key hormone required to maintain the blood glucose level in normal range. In case of insulin deficiency or resistance, blood glucose concentration exceeds the upper limit of the normal range of 126 mg/dl. Persistent increase of blood serum glucose level leads to overt chronic hyperglycemia, which is a major clinical symptom of diabetes mellitus. Poor glycemic control and diabetes alters the levels of essential trace elements such as Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Fe etc. by increasing urinary excretion and their concomitant decrease in the blood. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to discuss the important roles of essential trace elements in normal homeostasis and physiological functioning. Moreover, perturbation of essential trace elements is also discussed in perspective of type 2 diabetes pathobiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trivalent form of Cr has high biological activity which is required for the optimal glucose uptake by cells [59,60]. Cr regulates insulin and blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin signaling pathway and metabolism by up-regulating glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in muscle cells [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Khan

Awan

2014

J Diabetes Metab Disord

113

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“…The activity of Cr depends on its valence state and chemical complexes it forms (Guidotti et al, 2010;Guidotti et al, 2008;Tudan et al, 2011). Trivalent form of Cr has high biological activity which is necessary for the optimal glucose uptake by cells (Belinda and O'Connell, 2001;Tudan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trivalent form of Cr has high biological activity which is necessary for the optimal glucose uptake by cells (Belinda and O'Connell, 2001;Tudan et al, 2011). Cr regulates insulin and blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin signaling pathway and metabolism by upregulating glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in muscle cells (Qiao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of heavy metals in human health and particularly in respect to diabetic patients

Asif¹

2017

TANG [HUMANITAS MEDICINE]

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Minerals are individual of the components of foods and are not produced in the body but essential for best possible health. Several essential metals are vital for the appropriate performance of various enzymes, transcriptional factors and proteins that are essential in various biochemical paths. Metals like zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are cofactors of hundreds of enzymes. Zn is involved in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. Chromium (Cr) increases the insulin receptors activity on target tissues, mainly in muscle cells. Insulin hormone is required to maintain the blood glucose amount in normal range. Continual increase of blood serum glucose level leads to marked chronic hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus. Deficiency of insulin or its resistance, blood glucose level exceeds the upper limit of the common range of 126 mg/dl. Poor glucose control and diabetes changes the levels of essential trace elements such as Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, iron etc. by rising urinary excretion and their related decrease in the blood. The aim of this article to discusses the important roles of essential trace elements in particular perspective of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Trivalent chromium is essential for maintenance of human normal physiology, due to its capacity to regulate insulin and blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin signaling pathways and metabolism by up-regulating glucose transporter (GLUT4) translocation in muscle cells (Qiao et al, 2009). Likewise, trivalent form of chromium intervenes in optimal cell uptake of glucose (Khan andAwan, 2014 andTudan et al, 2011). However, in case of trivalent chromium deficiency, blood glucose levels elevate and if this state persists, it may lead to the onset of diabetes (Wiernsperger and Rapin, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Aronia Melanocarpa Antioxidant Potential against Chromium VI Induced Morphological Changes in Endocrine Pancreas

2016

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Hexavalent chromium is known as strong oxidizing agent, enters the cells easily and generates reactive oxygen species. It was demonstrated that Cr VI is toxic for liver, kidney, skin, nervous system, female and male reproductive systems. However, chromium effects on pancreas are less studied.Aronia melanocarpa fruits are rich in phenolic constituents: anthocyanins, procyanidins and phenolic acids, which demonstrated to have anti-oxidative, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory activities.Considering the aforesaid the present study was carried out in idea to see if Cr VI induces structural changes in pancreas, given it’s property of inducing ROS formation in cells, and if aronia extract can play a protective role.The study was carried out on white Wistar rats divided in 5 groups and exposed as follows: C – control –distilled water, Cr group – potassium dichromate, hexavalent chromium compound, in distilled water, 75 ppm for three months; CrA group - 75 ppm Cr VI + extract of A. melanocarpa for three months; Cr2 group - 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of distilled water; CrA2 group 75 ppm Cr VI for three months followed by one month of extract of A. melanocarpa. At the end of exposure period pancreas was collected and prepared for histological analysis.Hexavalent chromium administration induced morphological and functional changes in endocrine pancreas cells. Microscopic examination of histological slides from pancreas revealed the size and number reduction of Langerhans islets and presence of degenerative lesions. Experimental group that received Cr VI combined with aqueous extract of Aronia presented almost normal architecture of endocrine cells, even more vascular changes occurred too, probably responsible for repairing phenomena.

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The Status of Trace Elements Analysis in Biological Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Metals in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

Role of heavy metals in human health and particularly in respect to diabetic patients

Aronia Melanocarpa Antioxidant Potential against Chromium VI Induced Morphological Changes in Endocrine Pancreas

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