The state of vitamin A in livers and unabsorbed yolks of embryonic and newly hatched chicks

Parrish, D.B.; Williams, Richard N.; Sanford, P. E.

doi:10.1016/s0003-9861(51)80009-2

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The significant decrease in the yolk retinol concentration during incubation (Table 1) was presumably the consequence of absorption by the embryo, degradation and conversion to esters such as retinyl palmitate. A comparable decrease in yolk retinol between early and late periods of incubation in the chicken egg has been reported [25,26] and corresponds to the rapid assimilation of yolk lipid in the chick embryo in the last few days before hatching [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Yolk retinoids (vitamin a) in eggs of the herring gull and correlations with polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans

Spear

Bourbonnais

Moon

et al. 1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Little is known of the combined effects associated with chronic, low‐level exposure of wildlife to the polyhalogenated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, dibenzofurans, certain biphenyls and other related compounds. To examine possible effects upon egg yolk retinoids, herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were collected at early (i.e., days 2–12) and late (i.e., approximately day 20) phases of incubation. Analysis of egg yolks by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed compounds that comigrated with all‐trans‐retinol and all‐trans‐retinyl palmitate standards. The retinol concentration and the molar ratio of retinol to retinyl palmitate changed significantly between the early and late phases of incubation. Within the 2‐ to 12‐d period of incubation, however, retinoid values were constant. Gull eggs were collected from two breeding colonies on the Great Lakes in 1986 and from five colonies in 1987. In 2‐ to 12‐d eggs, retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations were significantly different between gull colonies. The molar ratio of retinol to retinyl palmitate was significantly different between colonies and correlated with several indices of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations quantified in gull eggs from these collection sites. Significant correlations existed between the molar ratio of retinoids and (a) 2,3,7,8‐TCDD concentration, (b) toxic equivalents of PCDDs and PCDFs and (c) the sum of PCDD and PCDF concentrations. These results are discussed in the context of sensitive, bioeffects monitoring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Yolk retinoids (vitamin a) in eggs of the herring gull and correlations with polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans

Spear

Bourbonnais

Moon

et al. 1990

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Retinoid concentrations in yolk are known to vary according to the embryonic stage of development. The levels are typically constant in the first half of the incubation period and tend to decrease in the latter half of incubation as lipids are transferred to the embryo (Parrish et al 1951;Joshi et al 1973;Noble 1987;Spear et al 1990). Ideally sample collection should be conducted in the first half of incubation to minimize variation associated with the embryonic stage of development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-carotene and retinoids in eggs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in relation to St Lawrence River contamination

Boily

Champoux²,

Bourbonnais

et al. 1994

Ecotoxicology

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: The potential use of retinoids and β-carotene as biomarkers in the eggs of the Great Blue Heron was investigated. In the spring of 1991, 65 eggs were collected from nine heronries (seven along the St Lawrence River and two reference sites). A method was specifically developed for the extraction and analysis of β-carotene and the retinoids in heron egg yolks by reversed-phase HPLC. When results were expressed either as the molar ratio of retinol: retinyl palmitate or as retinyl palmitate concentration, significant differences were found between colonies; however, retinyl palmitate concentration was deemed the better biomarker because it was not significantly influenced by embryonic stage of development. Retinyl palmitate concentrations in freshwater colonies were negatively related to PCB congeners Nos 105 and 118 as well as their TCDD-EQ values (p < 0.02, r (2)=0.78). Egg tetrachloro-mono-ortho biphenyl concentrations were also negatively related to retinyl palmitate (p < 0.005, r (2)=0.90). With the exception of the two mono-ortho co-planar congeners detected in the present study, the contamination levels found in heron eggs were well below those found for other bird species in the Great Lakes area and, so far, no detrimental effects have been reported in Great Blue Heron populations in Quebec. These results suggest that retinyl palmitate may be useful as a sensitive and non-invasive biomarker for monitoring organochlorine contaminant effects in the Great Blue Heron in freshwater sites.

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“…Another interesting resemblance between the vitamin A metabolism of cephalopods and that of vertebrates is indicated by the presence of vitamin A alcohol in ripe eggs, just as found by Neff, Parrish, Hughes & Payne (1949) in hen eggs, where 73-93 % of the total vitamin A was in the alcohol form. Parrish, Williams & Sanford (1951) subsequently showed that it was gradually converted to the ester and stored in the embryonic liver during incubation of the chick. No similar observations on developing cephalopod eggs have yet been made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates: V. Mollusca: Cephalopoda

1956

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In our previous paper (Fisher, Kon & Thompson, 1956) on Mollusca we pointed out that the Cephalopoda were so different from the other classes in vitamin A and carotenoid relationships that they would be more satisfactorily considered separately. We have so far analysed ten species of cephalopods and found vitamin A in all of them. The studies of previous investigators of vitamin A in these molluscs were confined to its function in the visual cycle and to its contribution to the vitamin A reserves of sperm whales feeding on cephalopods. The carotenoids of cephalopods have been given even less attention than vitamin A.

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The state of vitamin A in livers and unabsorbed yolks of embryonic and newly hatched chicks

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Yolk retinoids (vitamin a) in eggs of the herring gull and correlations with polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans

Yolk retinoids (vitamin a) in eggs of the herring gull and correlations with polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans

β-carotene and retinoids in eggs of Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias) in relation to St Lawrence River contamination

Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates: V. Mollusca: Cephalopoda

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