The state of the antioxidant system in cows at different densities of radioactive contamination of the soil

Abstract

One of the negative factors of ionizing radiation on the body is the formation of active oxidants, which are protected by the antioxidant system. The effect of high doses of radiation on the antioxidant system of animals has been studied well, but there is not enough information about the long‐term effects of low doses. The study of the effect of pre‐threshold radiation doses on the main indicators of antioxidant protection of cattle was the purpose of our research. The research was carried out in JSC "Osminskoye" of Slantsevsky district and JSC "Plemzavod " RAPTI" of Luga district of Leningrad region on healthy lactating cows aged 3–4 years in the amount of 8 heads from each farm. Radio ecological characteristics of agricultural land JSC "Osminskoe" was as follows‐the density of radioactive contamination of the soil on 137Cs more than 1 Ci/km2, the power of the exposure dose on the ground 35–48 μr/h. Similar indicators of land in JSC "Plemzavod" RAPTI " were less than 0.5 Ci/km2 and 6–19 μr / h. Both farms use their own fodder base (hay, silage, root crops), concentrated feed produced by JSC "LKKZ", the animals are kept in summer walking, which allows us to talk about a similar dose load due to external and internal irradiation. In cows, catalase activity was determined in serum, and malone dialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase activity were determined in plasma. The results of the study showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase in cows from JSC "Osminskoye" was 4.15±0.46 U/mg Hb, catalase ‐ 14.54±1.03 mkat/l, and the level of Malon aldehyde ‐ 3.71±0.68 μmol/l. Similar indicators in animals from JSC "Plemzavod "RAPTI" were as follows ‐ 6.3±0.75 U/mg Hb, 9.77±0.62 mkat/l and 2.23±0.12 μmol/l. Intergroup differences of the studied indicators were statistically significant. Analyzing the results of the study, we can say that chronic stimulation of the antioxidant system by active oxidants leads to a decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase in cows by 34.1%. Probably, as compensation, there is an activation of other enzymes, in particular, an increase in catalase activity by 1.5 times. However, the compensatory capabilities of other elements of the antioxidant system are not able to fully neutralize free radicals, as evidenced by an increase in the concentration of malon dialdehyde by 66.4%.The study shows that cows long‐term in conditions of higher pre‐threshold doses of external and internal radiation occurs chronic oxidative stress, manifested by an imbalance of individual links of the antioxidant system.

Radiation safety of food raw materials and food products

“…В связи с этим, необходим постоянный контроль радиационной ситуации, а именно содержания цезия-137 в почве, воде, а также в продукции животного происхождения как в Северо-Западном регионе, так и в других субъектах Российской Федерации. Помимо этого необходимо проявлять должную осторожность при организации кормления продуктивных животных (дойных коров, мясного скота в заключительный период откорма), продукция которых, без дополнительной стадии обработки, может быть направлена к потреблению населением [1,6]. Intensive use of radioactive isotopes in industry, abnormal emissions of nuclear fission products into the environment gradually increase the level of natural background radiation.…”

“…В связи с чем возникла проблема ведения сельского хозяйства, основного производителя продовольствия для населении и сырья для про-DOI: 10.52419/issn2072-6023.2021.4.119 мышленности, которая приобрела особую актуальность и практическую значимость для ситуаций, связанных с высоким уровнем загрязнения почвы, воды, а также продуктов животноводства [3,6].…”

Assessment of the impact of the use of Iodine- and Selenium-containing drugs on the biochemical status of cows in the biogeochemical province

“…Изучение динамики показателей крови при различных физиологических и патологических состояниях дает возможность оценить клинический статус животного [1,5,8]. Анализ биохимических параметров крови животных позволяет судить о состоянии углеводного, белкового и липидного обменов [2,3,10].…”