The State of Research Regarding Ordered Mesoporous Materials in Batteries

Abstract

kineticreactions. [7][8][9][10] Comparatively speaking, mesopores are more favorable for the transport of reactants or solvents. On the contrary, macropores are too large for common reactants or solvents to be very effective. But if the micropores or macropores are combined with mesopores, the shortcomings will get balanced in a sense because the micropores may enable superior cycle stability and the macropores can promise rapid ion transport when they are employed with mesopores together. Ordered mesoporous materials are generally divided into two kinds: ordered mesoporous siliconbased materials and ordered mesoporous nonsilicon materials. Some ordered mesoporous nonsilicon materials, such as ordered mesoporous metallic materials, nonmetallic materials, ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC)-based materials, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based materials, have aroused widespread interest, among which OMC-based metal composites and metal oxide materials are in the spotlight. [11][12][13] Consequently, OMCbased materials and their applications in various batteries have gradually become popular topics in research (Figure 1a). The rich pore structure and high specific surface area of OMCs are not only beneficial to reactants and product diffusion but also enable the material to incorporate highly dispersed metal nanoparticles. [14][15][16][17] Due to their surface and physicochemical properties, OMCs can easily be subjected to functional group modification or heteroatom doping, thus enhancing the physical and chemical properties of the material. These two points have led to the increasing application of OMC-based materials in electrochemistry.Although the selection of materials is an extremely important aspect, the various types of batteries also have their own advantages and disadvantages. As research progresses, different types of materials have also been applied to various types of batteries to fulfill their potential. [18] Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play substantial roles in electrochemical energy storage for their advantages of no memory effect, long life cycle, high energy density, and low toxicity, so they are often deemed as clean and renewable sources of energy. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] However, because of the energy-density limitations of LIBs, such batteries cannot meet the current intensive energy demand. It may be hard for LIBs to satisfy the needs for sufficient power density, high energy density, and long service life in some fields, such as electrical vehicles (hybrid electric Ordered mesoporous materials, porous materials with a pore size of 2-50 nm which are prepared via the sol-gel process using surfactant molecular aggregates as a template to assemble channels through the interfacial action of organic and inorganic substances, have recently triggered a heated debate. In addition to applications in the catalytic cracking of heavy oils and residues, the manufacturing of graft materials, the purification of water, the conversion of automobile exhaust...

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