Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of central metal nodes and organic linkers, constitute a fast growing class of crystalline porous materials with excellent application potential. Herein, a series of Mn‐based multimetallic MOF (bimetallic and trimetallic MIL‐100) nano‐octahedra are prepared by a facile one‐pot synthetic strategy. The types and proportions of the incorporated elements can be tuned while retaining the original topological structure. The introduction of other metal ions is verified at the atomic level by combining X‐ray absorption fine structure experiments and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, these multimetallic Mn‐based MIL‐100 nano‐octahedra are utilized as sulfur hosts to prepare cathodes for Li–S batteries. The MnNi‐MIL‐100@S cathode exhibits the best Li–S battery performance among all reported MIL‐100@S composite cathode materials, with a reversible capacity of ≈708.8 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The synthetic strategy described herein is utilized to incorporate metal ions into the MOF architecture, of which the parent monometallic MOF nano‐octahedra cannot be prepared directly, thus rationally generating novel multimetallic MOFs. Importantly, the strategy also allows for the general synthesis and study of various micro‐/nanoscale MOFs in the energy storage field.

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Existing day-today traffic assignment models are all built upon path flow variables. This paper demonstrates two essential shortcomings of these path-based models. One is that their application requires a given initial path flow pattern, which is typically unidentifiable, i.e. mathematically nonunique and practically unobservable. In particular, we show that, for the path-based models, different initial path flow patterns constituting the same link flow pattern generally gives different day-today link flow evolutions. The other shortcoming of the path-based models is the path overlapping problem. That is, the path-based models ignore the interdependence among paths and thus can give very unreasonable results for networks with paths overlapping with each other. These two path-based problems exist for most (if not all) deterministic day-today dynamics whose fixed points are the classic Wardrop user equilibrium. To avoid the two path-based problems, we propose a day-today traffic assignment model that directly deals with link flow variables. Our link-based model captures travelers' costminimization behavior in their path finding as well as their inertia. The fixed point of our link-based dynamical system is the classic Wardrop user equilibrium.

A breakthrough in technologies having "green" and sustainable energy storage conversion is urgent, and supercapacitors play a crucial role in this area of research. Owing to their unique porous structure, amorphous materials are considered one of the best active materials for high-performance supercapacitors due to their high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and fast charging rate. This Review summarizes the synthesis of amorphous materials (transition metal oxides, carbon-based materials, transition metal sulfides, phosphates, hydroxides, and their complexes) to highlight their electrochemical performance in supercapacitors.

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Polypyrrole coated hollow MOF composites are synthesized for Li–S battery electrodes, combining the porous structure of ZIF-67 and high conductivity of polypyrrole. The composites obtained a high initial specific capacity and good cycling performance.

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The metal oxide/hydroxide@MOF composites have been regarded as a very promising electrocatalyst due to their facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis strategy, high electrocatalytic activity, and excellent cycling stability.