The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN

Seeck, Margitta; Koessler, Laurent; Bast, Thomas; Leijten, Frans S.S.; Michel, Christoph M.; Baumgartner, Christoph; He, Bin; Beniczky, Sándor

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.254

Cited by 330 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The EEG signal was recorded from 64 channels arranged in the International 10–20 montage (Seeck et al . ) in a TMS‐compatible Ag/AgCl sintered ring electrode cap (EasyCap GmbH, Woerthsee‐Etterschlag, Germany), with FCz as the reference electrode and PPO1h as the ground electrode. The impedance at the skin–EEG electrodes interface was kept < 5 kΩ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Desideri

Zrenner

Ziemann

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase‐dependent manner. Larger motor‐evoked responses are obtained in a hand muscle when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized to the phase of the sensorimotor μ‐rhythm. In this study we further showed that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ‐rhythm is associated with higher absolute amplitude of the evoked EEG potential at 100 ms after stimulation. This demonstrates that cortical responses are sensitive to excitability fluctuation with brain oscillations Our results indicate that brain state‐dependent stimulation is a new useful technique for the investigation of stimulus‐related cortical dynamics. Abstract Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase‐dependent manner. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the human primary motor cortex elicits larger motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) when applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the sensorimotor μ‐rhythm recorded with EEG, demonstrating that this phase represents a state of higher excitability of the cortico‐spinal system. Here, we investigated the influence of the phase of the μ‐rhythm on cortical responses to TMS as measured by EEG. We tested different stimulation intensities above and below resting motor threshold (RMT), and a realistic sham TMS condition. TMS at 110% RMT applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ‐rhythm was associated with higher absolute amplitudes of TMS‐evoked potentials at 70 ms (P70) and 100 ms (N100). Enhancement of the N100 was confirmed with negative peak‐triggered 90% RMT TMS, while phase of the μ‐rhythm did not influence evoked responses elicited by sham TMS. These findings extend the idea that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the endogenous μ‐oscillation recruits a larger portion of neurons as a function of stimulation intensity. This further corroborates that brain oscillations determine fluctuations in cortical excitability and establishes phase‐triggered EEG‐TMS as a sensitive tool to investigate the effects of brain oscillations on stimulus‐related cortical dynamics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Desideri

Zrenner

Ziemann

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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“…S1). EEG was recorded using the standardized array of 25 electrodes, including six electrodes in the inferior temporal chain (F9/10, T9/ 10, P9/10) in addition to the electrodes of the 10-20 system [20].…”

Section: Patients and Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We prospectively performed ESI of IC-EEG and II-EEG recorded during LTM. We used the standard 25-electrode array recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology [20] and agematched template head models to minimize the additional workload of processing the LTM data, in order to fit into a busy clinical setting. Our goals were to determine the feasibility of IC-ESI and to compare it with II-ESI and with the conventional neuroimaging methods (MRI, PET, SPECT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ictal and interictal electric source imaging in pre‐surgical evaluation: a prospective study

Sharma

Scherg²,

Pinborg

et al. 2018

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Stimulus conditions were standardized by using maximum magnetic flux density (2 Tesla) for all stimulations . For COMS, the magnetic coil was placed over Cz´ . For CEMS, the coil was first placed over C7 and then moved up towards C6 until the highest reproducible dCMAP was obtained .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each run of tests, at least five stimuli were delivered in order to achieve the highest possible dCMAP amplitude showing <10% variation from the preceding two stimulations. In order to avoid twitch potentiation, stimuli were separated by a pause of at least 40 seconds . Stimulation at FRC was determined by visual observation of abdominal movements after instructing subjects to breathe out and hold their breath until the magnetic stimulus was delivered (the stimulus was then deployed within 1 second after FRC had been reached).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phrenic nerve involvement and respiratory muscle weakness in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A

Spießhoefer

Henke

Kabitz

et al. 2019

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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Diaphragm weakness in Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A) is usually associated with severe disease manifestation. This study comprehensively investigated phrenic nerve conductivity, inspiratory and expiratory muscle function in ambulatory CMT1A patients. Nineteen adults with CMT1A (13 females, 47 ± 12 years) underwent spiromanometry, diaphragm ultrasound, and magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves and the lower thoracic nerve roots, with recording of diaphragm compound muscle action potentials (dCMAP, n = 15), transdiaphragmatic and gastric pressures (twPdi and twPgas, n = 12). Diaphragm motor evoked potentials (dMEP, n = 15) were recorded following cortical magnetic stimulation. Patients had not been selected for respiratory complaints. Disease severity was assessed using the CMT Neuropathy Scale version 2 (CMT‐NSv2). Healthy control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The following parameters were significantly lower in CMT1A patients than in controls (all P < .05): forced vital capacity (91 ± 16 vs 110 ± 15% predicted), maximum inspiratory pressure (68 ± 22 vs 88 ± 29 cmH2O), maximum expiratory pressure (91 ± 23 vs 123 ± 24 cmH2O), and peak cough flow (377 ± 135 vs 492 ± 130 L/min). In CMT1A patients, dMEP and dCMAP were delayed. Patients vs controls showed lower diaphragm excursion (5 ± 2 vs 8 ± 2 cm), diaphragm thickening ratio (DTR, 1.9 [1.6‐2.2] vs 2.5 [2.1‐3.1]), and twPdi (8 ± 6 vs 19 ± 7 cmH2O; all P < .05). DTR inversely correlated with the CMT‐NSv2 score (r = −.59, P = .02). There was no group difference in twPgas following abdominal muscle stimulation. Ambulatory CMT1A patients may show phrenic nerve involvement and reduced respiratory muscle strength. Respiratory muscle weakness can be attributed to diaphragm dysfunction alone. It relates to neurological impairment and likely reflects a disease continuum.

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The standardized EEG electrode array of the IFCN

Cited by 330 publications

References 39 publications

Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Ictal and interictal electric source imaging in pre‐surgical evaluation: a prospective study

Phrenic nerve involvement and respiratory muscle weakness in patients with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease 1A

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