The Standardization of Printable Materials and Direct Writing Systems

Hoffman, Jessica R.; Hwang, Seyeon; Ortega, Ada; Kim, Nam-Soo; Moon, Kyoung‐Sik

doi:10.1115/1.4023809

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A high variety of factors can influence the material selection for printable applications 116,117 . Thus, printable materials are a key element to be accomplished and engineered to enable further developments in printed smart materials 118 .…”

Section: Materials/inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymer-based smart materials by printing technologies: Improving application and integration

Oliveira

Correia

Castro

et al. 2018

Additive Manufacturing

113

140

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Smart and functional materials processed by printing technologies reveal an increasing interest due to small cost assembly, easy integration into devices and the possibility to obtain multifunctional materials over flexible and large areas. After introducing smart materials, printing technologies and inks, this review discusses the materials that are already being printed, mainly piezoelectric, piezoresistive, magnetostrictive, shape memory polymers (SMP), pH sensitive and chromic system materials. Since polymer-based smart materials are particularly attractive for device implementation, this review will focus on printed polymer-based smart materials. Finally, critical challenges and future research directions will be addressed.

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Section: Materials/inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inks are at the basis of printed technologies and need to be tailored for a specific printing technology in terms of surface tension and viscosity. Further, substrates are other key element that affects the application of printing systems and the production of printable materials 118 .…”

Section: Materials/inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-based smart materials by printing technologies: Improving application and integration

Oliveira

Correia

Castro

et al. 2018

Additive Manufacturing

113

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, this becomes an environmental problem, and the quantity of unnecessary compounds contained in a water tank is too excessive in comparison with the final price of the 3D material to justify its use. Furthermore, without standardization of the SLA technology method, the optimization of the process and materials remains difficult to achieve [7]. Later, a roll-to-roll method that processes UV material between rollers was attempted.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Nail Art Printing Equipment Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The convergence of three-dimensional printing and nail-art technology

Kim

Jihye

Han³

2019

J Cosmet Med

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Background:With the convergence of internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing, the applications have extended to beauty arts and cosmetics.Objective: The purpose of this research is to confirm the possibility of the convergence of IoT and AI 3D printing technology for cosmetics and beauty art for the 21st century.Methods: From January to October 2019, experienced 3D designers and customers were isolated, and more than 1,000 patterns were verified. Ultraviolet light-emitting diod (UV-LED) technology with built-in patented devices operating on a limited basis was used, and processes using low energies of 3 watts or less were applied. To control the 3D shape of the material, 3D printing technology with the z-axis at a height of 50 microns was applied to the shape to obtain a length of more than 3 cm. Completed products realized via custom design and manufacturing processes were delivered to the customers who installed them on their own. Results:More than 1,000 patterns were successfully printed through Wi-Fi from all over the world for AI-recommended nail art and tattoos. The stability of the IoT has confirmed the quality of 3D printed nails and two-dimensional (2D) tattoos. Moreover, customers are not exposed harmful environments associated with tattoos and 3D nail art. Conclusion:Application of 3D printing technology to the traditional nail art industry allows for the creation of sophisticated and customized shapes in a short period of time with a precision control of less than 50 microns in various colored 3D structures on artificial nail tips. This successful result of the convergence of AI and IoT 3D printing technology in the field of nail art and tattoos is expected to apply further to the fields of cosmetology, makeup, plastic surgery, and art.

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“…On its own, the industry of flexible electronics manufacturing is expected to be worth on the order of $300 Â10 9 by the year 2028 [17]. Other evidence of the maturation of DW technology is peripheral research endeavors such as the failure analysis of DW components [18], the characterization of electrically failed printed conductive traces [19] and efforts to standardize the evaluation of DW materials and equipment [20]. The use of printing technologies to fabricate conductive pathways offers an option by which the creation of interconnects can be made during the fabrication of electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ohmic Curing of Three-Dimensional Printed Silver Interconnects for Structural Electronics

Roberson

Wicker

MacDonald

2015

Journal of Electronic Packaging

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Ohmic curing was utilized as a method to improve the conductivity of three-dimensional (3D) interconnects printed from silver-loaded conductive inks and pastes. The goal was to increase conductivity of the conductive path without inducing damage to the substrate. The 3D via/interconnect structure was routed within 3D polymeric substrates and had external and internal sections. The 3D structures were created by the additive manufacturing (AM) process of stereolithography (SL) and were designed to replicate manufacturing situations which are common in the fabrication of 3D structural electronics that involve a combination of AM and direct write (DW) processing steps. The photocurable resins the 3D substrates were made of possessed glass transition temperatures of 75 C and 42 C meaning that a nonthermal method to increase the conductivity of the printed traces was needed as the conductive inks tested in this study required oven cure temperatures greater than 100 C to perform properly. Ohmic curing was shown to decrease the measured resistance of the via/interconnect structure without harming the substrate. Substrate damage was observed on thermally cured samples and was characterized by discoloration and scaling of the substrate. Resistance measurements of the via/interconnect structures revealed samples cured by the ohmic curing process performed equal or better than samples subjected to thermal curing. The work presented here demonstrates a method to overcome the thermal cure temperature limitations of polymeric substrates imposed on the processing parameters of conductive inks during the fabrication of 3D structural electronics and presents an example of overcoming a manufacturing process problem associated with this emerging technology. An ink selection process involving characterization of the compatibility of inks with the substrate material and the use of different inks for the via and interconnect sections was also discussed.

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The Standardization of Printable Materials and Direct Writing Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Polymer-based smart materials by printing technologies: Improving application and integration

Polymer-based smart materials by printing technologies: Improving application and integration

The convergence of three-dimensional printing and nail-art technology

Ohmic Curing of Three-Dimensional Printed Silver Interconnects for Structural Electronics

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