The Stages of Group Development: A Retrospective Study of Dynamic Team Processes

Abstract

The number of organizations using teamwork is increasing. The team phenomenon has heightened our need to better understand what makes these groups more or less effective. Unfortunately, methods of assessing dynamic team processes such as group development have been limited. The purpose of this study was to create a simpler quantitative method of measuring temporal changes in group processes. A retrospective questionnaire was developed to measure the constructs of Tuckman's stage development model. Both the reliability and content validity analyses provided evidence that the retrospective method can be used to evaluate group development stages. Résumé Le nombre d'organisations ayant recours au travail d'équipe est à la hausse. Le phénomène de l'«équipe » accroît la nécessité de mieux comprendre ce qui rend ces groupes plus ou mains performants. Malheureusement, les méthodes d'évaluation du type d'interactions au sein du groupe et de la dynamique qui en résulte, restent limitées. Le but de cette étude est de créer une méthode quantitative plus simple pour mesurer les changements temporels dans la dynamique de groupe. Un questionnaire rétrospectif a été élaboré pour mesurer les facteurs du modèle à phases de Tuckman. Les analyses relatives à la fiabilité et celles relatives à la validité, ont montré que la méthode rétrospective peut servir à évaluer les phases du développement du groupe.

Undergraduate group projects: Challenges and learning experiences

“…Of these, the most influential model 8 is that proposed by Bruce Tuckman 9 which is commonly known as the "forming, storming, norming and performing" model of group development. Tuckman's model has been described as 'the most predominantly referred to and most widely recognized in organizational literature' 10 . The success of the model probably owes something to the pedagogical value of the simple and easily memorable names which he ascribes to each of the four stages.…”

Leadership and Teamwork in Innovation Ecosystems

“…However, if the team is able to start delivering results in the norming stage, then it will be more capable to move to the next stage to handle creative tension, diversity, and conlict, which are key conditions to innovation behaviors to emerge (associating, questioning, observing, networking, and experimenting), producing a synergistic team value called innovation premium [3]. That is the reason that high performing teams (stage 4) are generally associated with creativity, innovation, and shared leadership as described in the research [14,15].…”

Towards Genuine Virtual Collaboration: Designing the Use of Mobile Remote Presence in Offshore-Outsourced Projects

“…Tuckman's model has been subject to criticism, including questions over applicability to different types of teams and weak definition of the "storming" stage [38]. However, it is the most widely recognized team development model in the organizational literature [39] and remains the baseline of terms and ideas in both academia and practice [38]. Furst (2004) explored which factors contribute to team performance at each stage and identified the special challenges that confront virtual project teams as they develop [34].…”