The Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) – Polish adaptation

Kiejna, Andrzej; Jakubczyk, Marta Hanna; Gondek, Tomasz; Rajba, Beata

doi:10.12740/pp/102438

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has three subscales: a pragmatic attitude (Coercion as Care and Security), a critical attitude (Coercion as Offending), and a positive attitude (Coercion as Treatment), with sufficient reliability demonstrated for all three subscales (Cronbach's alpha 0.69–0.73) ( 21 ). Similar results have been found in other adaptations of SACS, including in Poland ( 29 , 31 ). The subscales are scored as the mean of the corresponding items ( 21 , 23 ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the first study on SACS in Poland, the same structure was found in factors related to so-called "pragmatic" attitudes (29). For many years, coercion was perceived as an integral part of Polish psychiatry.…”

Section: Factor Structure and Internal Consistency Of Factorsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In a previous study by Kiejna et al ( 29 ), the three-factor solution was identical to the Norwegian factors ( 29 ). In the current study, the confirmatory factor analysis with nurses and psychiatrists as respondents resulted in the same factors as the Norwegian sample, except that item 4 loaded highest on Treatment instead of Offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…To measure staff attitudes and compare findings among countries, a validated tool was needed. An earlier study of some psychometric properties of a Polish version of SACS had been done ( 29 ). However, there is a need for a replication of these findings and analyses of the additional psychometric properties of the Polish version of SACS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Measuring Staff Attitudes to Coercion in Poland

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Coercion can be defined as the use of force to limit a person's choices. In Poland, coercive measures may tend to be overused. However, there is limited information regarding the attitudes of nurses toward coercion in psychiatric settings and the factors influencing any decisions to use coercion.Aims: To validate the Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS) for a group of psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists, to compare the said with the original Norwegian SACS version, and to compare nurses' attitudes with those displayed by psychiatrists. A second aim was to understand the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes to coercion.Method: We surveyed 351 psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists rating SACS and GSES (General Self Efficacy Scale). We validated the SACS factor structure using confirmatory principal component factor analysis, calculated the internal consistency of subscales, and analyzed the test-retest reliability and face validity of the subscales themselves. Further, we analyzed the differences in attitudes toward coercion between nurses and psychiatrists, as well as whether there was an association between GSES and the SACS subscales. We compared the means on the SACS items between three countries—Germany, Norway, and Poland.Results: The confirmatory factor analysis of the Polish version of SACS found the same factor structure with three factors as was displayed in the original Norwegian SACS, except that one item was loaded on another factor. Internal consistency was acceptable for the factors on coercion as security and the coercion as offending, and unacceptable for the factor on coercion as treatment. Test-retest reliability was excellent for all the three subscales. Face validity was high for the factor coercion as security, partly present for coercion as offending, and not present for coercion as treatment. The subscale Coercion as Treatment was rated significantly higher by nurses than by psychiatrists, but there was no difference for the two other subscales. There was no significant association between the General Self-Efficacy Scale and any of the SACS subscales. The biggest differences in attitudes toward forms of coercion was noted between Poland and Germany.Discussion: The three-factor structure of SACS was the best solution for the Polish nurses and psychiatrists. The attitudes toward coercion differed between the two groups, but a low correlation was computed for the SACS subscales and self-efficacy. There is a cultural diversity visible amongst the three countries examined. Reduction in the use of coercion is a priority worldwide. More knowledge about the process involved in using coercive measures may contribute to this. The use of coercive interventions may harm patients and threaten patients' rights. Thus, education is needed for pre-service and in-service nurses alike.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Factor Structure and Internal Consistency Of Factorsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Measuring Staff Attitudes to Coercion in Poland

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The SACS was developed in 2008 (16); it has been used worldwide and translated into several languages (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). According to a systematic review performed by Husum et al (17), measurement properties of the SACS were reported in 13 studies conducted in Germany, Switzerland, Poland, the UK, the USA, India, Iran, Taiwan, and Norway, with six different language versions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Japanese version of Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAn important factor in proceeding the efforts to reduce coercion in psychiatry is the attitudes of clinical staff toward its use. We aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) and clarify its psychometric properties.MethodsAfter the translation and back-translation of the SACS, which includes 15 items consisting of three subscales, we conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey of clinical staffs working in 17 wards in two psychiatric hospitals. We administered the second survey to some of the participants to confirm the test-retest reliability. Additionally, we obtained information regarding the 17 wards from the institutions. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Structural validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For construct validity, the correlation of the SACS score within wards and its association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints were explored using multilevel multivariate linear regression analyses.ResultsWe used 261 (67.1%) responses, 35 responses of which were also used to examine test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients (0.761) and ICC (0.738) indicated good reliability. The results of CFA based on the original three-dimensional structure did not indicate a good fit (CFA = 0.830, RMSEA = 0.088). EFA suggested a four-factor structure, two of which were almost consistent with the original two subscales. The correlation of the SACS score within wards was confirmed while a positive association with the actual use of seclusion/restraints was not identified.ConclusionWhile the original three-dimensional structure was not replicated, construct validity was partially confirmed. Reliability of the total scale was good. In Japan, although using the subscales was not recommended, using the total scale of SACS seemed acceptable.

show abstract

Coercion in psychiatry: psychometric validation of the Portuguese Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS)

Aluh,

Diaz-Milanes,

Pedrosa

et al. 2024

Discov Ment Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background There is a growing recognition that staff attitudes toward coercion in mental health care may influence its application. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Staff Attitudes towards Coercion Scale (SACS) and describes mental health professionals’ attitudes towards coercion in Portugal. Methods Mental health professionals working in five Portuguese mental health services in urban and rural regions of Portugal were invited to complete a questionnaire comprising the SACS and a socio-demographic form. Psychometric analyses including construct validity and internal consistency were carried out using R software. Results A total of 91 out of 119 questionnaires completed were valid for analysis. Fifty-seven (62.64%) respondents were female, with an age range of 24 to 69 years (M = 39.33; SD = 11.09). More than half of them were nurses (52.75%, n = 48), and a third were psychiatrists (36.26%, n = 33). A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models with a cumulative explained variance of 59%. The Portuguese SACS exhibited adequate internal consistency for both the full-scale and subscales. The highest mean score was in the pragmatic attitude domain (20.60; SD = 3.37). A negative correlation was observed between the critical attitude domain and both age and years of experience (p < 0.05). Conclusion A three-factor structure was confirmed and showed the best fit compared to previously proposed models. The Portuguese SACS showed excellent psychometric properties and is acceptable for assessing staff attitudes towards coercion.

show abstract

The Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) – Polish adaptation

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Measuring Staff Attitudes to Coercion in Poland

Measuring Staff Attitudes to Coercion in Poland

Development of the Japanese version of Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale

Coercion in psychiatry: psychometric validation of the Portuguese Staff Attitudes to Coercion Scale (SACS)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About