The Stabilization of Liquid Smoke through Hydrodeoxygenation Over Nickel Catalyst Loaded on Sarulla Natural Zeolite

Gea, Saharman; Haryono, Agus; Andriayani, Andriayani; Sihombing, Junifa Layla; Pulungan, Ahmad Nasir; Nasution, Tiamina; Rahayu, Rahayu; Hutapea, Yasir Arafat

doi:10.3390/app10124126

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Low metal impurities were present on the zeolite, which was due to the activation by acid prior to modification . Furthermore, 15.88% of carbon was detected in zeolite, and this condition was also reported by Gea et al which reported that Sarulla natural zeolite had a considerable amount of carbon (20.27–23.25%). According to Table , there was an increase in the nickel content up to 10.59%, which indicated that nickel had been successfully impregnated on the zeolite.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

et al. 2022

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In this preliminary research, the catalytic activity of isopropyl alcohol conversion to diisopropyl ether through dehydration reaction catalyzed by zeolite-Ni and zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 was comparatively described. The natural zeolite was treated with 1% HF and 6 N HCl prior to modifications using the impregnation method. Isopropyl alcohol conversion was examined at a mild temperature of 150 °C for 3.5 h on the reflux system with various catalyst loadings. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of nickel and nickel phosphate into the zeolite. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a cubic-like structure on zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2, whereas homogenously distributed nickel species were observed on the zeolite-Ni catalyst. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis reinforced the accomplishment of zeolite modifications. The N2 physisorption isotherms showed a decline in the surface area and total pore volume of the zeolite because of the blocking of pores. The zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst had higher acidity than unmodified zeolite and zeolite-Ni catalysts, which inherently suggested that the presence of phosphate groups results in higher catalytic activity toward isopropyl alcohol. The highest catalytic activity was attained by 8 mEq/g metal loading zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 with isopropyl alcohol conversion of 81.51%, diisopropyl ether yield, and selectivity of 40.77 and 33.16%. The reusability study suggested that the zeolite-Ni(H2PO4)2 catalyst was still active and had sufficient catalytic activity stability toward isopropyl alcohol after the third cycle was reused. This nickel phosphate-based modified zeolite was adequately potential for diisopropyl ether production through isopropyl alcohol dehydration.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The unmodified zeolite catalyst, as shown in Figure a, had a bulky structure with irregular plates. This appearance was consistently reported by Gea et al when preparing Sarulla natural zeolite and activated by acids. Another study also reported that natural zeolite had a granular structure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

et al. 2022

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“…Hydrochloric acid causes the release of aluminum species which is outside and within the zeolite framework. Other metals that can dissolve in HCl also come out with aluminum [27]. The same thing happened to zeolites after calcination and oxidation.…”

Section: Cristallinity Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

Pulungan¹,

Kembaren²,

Nurfajriani³

et al. 2021

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The conversion of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out using heterogeneous catalyst based on natural zeolite. The methods used include activated and calcined to produce active natural zeolite (ZAA). ZAA are embodied metal oxides of PbO, ZnO, and ZrO 2 through wet impregnation to produce bifunctional catalyst. The catalysts activity test was carried out in biodiesel synthesis at temperature 60ºC for 60 minutes with 5%(w/w) catalysts. Crystallinity of catalysts increased after the activation process and ZrO 2 loaded but decreased after PbO and ZnO loaded. The catalyst components after modification decreased Al levels due to dealumination process as well as reduced impurities. Spesific surface area of catalysts decreased after impregnation while total pore volume increased. Metal oxides loaded has an effect in increasing biodiesel conversion and reducing FFA content. The best performance was shown by ZrO 2 /ZAA catalysts with yield conversion of 58.10% and FFA conversion to methyl ester reaches 86.22%. The characteristics of water content, FFA content, and density of 0.092%, 1.081%, and 0.880 g/cm 3 , respectively. These data showed that biodiesel from rubber seed oil which was catalyzed by a bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of future renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.

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“…The results are summarized in Table 1. The findings of the study by Gea et al (2020) were used as a comparison for the SNZ catalyst prior to the addition of metal oxides. After being loaded with metal oxides, the ZrO2/SNZ catalyst displayed several compositional changes, including an increase in the percentage of Si, Al, and the appearance of Zr metal.…”

Section: Morphology and Composition Of Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling ZrO2/natural zeolite catalytic performance on hydrocracking palm oil mill effluent residue

Layla Sihombing,

Herlinawati,

Nasir Pulungan

et al. 2023

J. Pendidik. Kim

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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest liquid waste from crude palm oil production. This liquid waste still contains a lot of chemical components, solid deposits, and oil which is dangerous if released directly into the environment. The residual oil and grease components contained in POME can be further extracted and converted into fuel fractions. This study investigates the conversion of residual oil from POME into fuel fractions through hydrocracking. A ZrO2/Sarulla natural zeolite (SNZ) catalyst was used, characterized by a particle size of 1-1.5 µm, a surface area of 73.3 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.161 cc/g, and a pore diameter of 3.35 nm. The effect of catalyst mass was studied, with the total conversion increasing to a certain extent with increasing catalyst mass, however, an increase in coke formation decreased the product yield. The highest gasoline fraction selectivity was obtained with a catalyst mass of 0.09 wt% (~42%), while the kerosene fraction was most obtained with a catalyst mass of 0.15 wt% (~40%). The liquid product with a catalyst mass of 0.15 wt% had the highest HHV of 44.2 MJ/kg, a 12% increase from the HHV of POME oil residue (39.4 MJ/kg). The results demonstrate the potential of using residual oil from POME as a source for fuel production and the use of natural zeolite-based catalysts as hydrocracking catalysts.

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The Stabilization of Liquid Smoke through Hydrodeoxygenation Over Nickel Catalyst Loaded on Sarulla Natural Zeolite

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

Enhanced Isopropyl Alcohol Conversion over Acidic Nickel Phosphate-Supported Zeolite Catalysts

Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts

Unveiling ZrO2/natural zeolite catalytic performance on hydrocracking palm oil mill effluent residue

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