The Spinosyn Insecticides

Dripps, James E.; Boucher, Raymond; Chloridis, A.; Cleveland, Cheryl B.; DeAmicis, Carl V.; Gomez, Luis E.; Paroonagian, Doris L.; Pavan, L. A.; Sparks, Thomas C.; Watson, Gerald B.

doi:10.1039/bk9781849731492-00163

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The metabolites of the Saccharopolyspora spinosa bacterium are also useful in the control of mosquitoes. Spinosad is a mixture of two S. spinosa metabolites, spinosyn A and spnosyn D, endorsed by the US EPA in 1997 [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This product operates uniquely by affecting post-synaptic nicotinic receptors related to acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid.…”

Section: Bacteria For Biological Control Of Medically Important Mosqu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Katak,

Cintra,

Burini

et al. 2023

Insects

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Mosquitoes transmit pathogens that cause human diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika fever, and filariasis. Biotechnological approaches using microorganisms have a significant potential to control mosquito populations and reduce their vector competence, making them alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Ongoing research has identified many microorganisms that can be used effectively to control mosquito populations and disease transmission. However, the successful implementation of these newly proposed approaches requires a thorough understanding of the multipronged microorganism–mosquito–pathogen–environment interactions. Although much has been achieved in discovering new entomopathogenic microorganisms, antipathogen compounds, and their mechanisms of action, only a few have been turned into viable products for mosquito control. There is a discrepancy between the number of microorganisms with the potential for the development of new insecticides and/or antipathogen products and the actual available products, highlighting the need for investments in the intersection of basic research and biotechnology.

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Section: Bacteria For Biological Control Of Medically Important Mosqu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Katak,

Cintra,

Burini

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Spinetoram is a relatively new and late‐registered commercial insecticide in Pakistan developed from spinosyns. Spinetoram is produced by two synthetic alterations to fermentation‐derived spinosyn starting materials 11 . Spinetoram kills insects by novel modes of action on the nervous system, mainly at the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) and gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors 12–15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and spinetoram combinations for integrated management of Thrips tabaci

Wakil

Gulzar

Prager

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Two consecutive field trials using a blend of entomopathogens in combination with a new chemistry insecticide were conducted to determine treatment effects on onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) populations, crop damage, plant development, crop yield and impact on natural enemies. Products were tested in an onion cropping system and included the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (isolate WG-11), an entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (strain VS) and the new-chemistry chemical insecticide spinetoram.RESULTS: In all treatments, a significant decrease in thrips per plant population was detected in both trials. Overall, dual application of entomopathogens and insecticide was more effective than singly applied treatments. The lowest number of thrips larvae (1.96 and 3.85) and adults (0.00 and 0.00) were recorded when treated with dual application of B. bassiana and spinetoram at 7 days post application (DPA) after the second spray application in 2017and 2018, respectively. Damage on onion plants was considerably decreased in all treatments relative to the control. The lowest damage was observed on onion plants treated with B. bassiana + spinetoram at 7 DPA after the second spray application during both years. A significant decrease in the number of natural enemies (beetles, spiders, mites, lacewings, ants and bugs) on onion plants was recorded during both years. Insect pathogens when applied alone and in combination with each other considerably protected arthropod natural enemies compared to insecticide application applied alone. Significant increase in plant agronomic traits was observed compared to the control. Among all the treatments, B. bassiana + spinetoram produced maximum leaf length, leaf weight, total leaves, neck diameter, bulb diameter, number of rings per bulb, bulb weight, dry matter and plant yield following the 2017and 2018 applications, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study reveal the potential of using insect pathogens and insecticide for control of T. tabaci. However, combinations containing spinetoram are harmful to nontarget organisms, whereas biological control agents help in protecting biodiversity in onion agroecosystems.

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The non‐target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods

Biondi¹,

Mommaerts²,

Smagghe³

et al. 2012

Pest Management Science

329

169

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Spinosyn-based products, mostly spinosad, have been widely recommended by extension specialists and agribusiness companies; consequently, they have been used to control various pests in many different cropping systems. Following the worldwide adoption of spinosad-based products for integrated and organic farming, an increasing number of ecotoxicological studies have been published in the past 10 years. These studies are primarily related to the risk assessment of spinosad towards beneficial arthropods. This review takes into account recent data with the aim of (i) highlighting potentially adverse effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods (and hence on ecosystem services that they provide in agroecosystems), (ii) clarifying the range of methods used to address spinosyn side effects on biocontrol agents and pollinators in order to provide new insights for the development of more accurate bioassays, (iii) identifying pitfalls when analysing laboratory results to assess field risks and (iv) gaining increasing knowledge on side effects when using spinosad for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes and organic farming. For the first time, a thorough review of possible risks of spinosad and novel spinosyns (such as spinetoram) to beneficial arthropods (notably natural enemies and pollinators) is provided. The acute lethal effect and multiple sublethal effects have been identified in almost all arthropod groups studied. This review will help to optimise the future use of spinosad and new spinosyns in IPM programmes and for organic farming, notably by preventing the possible side effects of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods.

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The Spinosyn Insecticides

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms for Mosquito Population Control and Reduction in Vector Competence

Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes and spinetoram combinations for integrated management of Thrips tabaci

The non‐target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods

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