“…11 Consequently, various types of photocatalytic reactors with immobilized titanium dioxide have been made; for example,¯uidized-bed type, 12 TiO 2 -coated ®ber optic cable type, 13 multiple tube type, 14 swirl-¯ow type, 15 annular-¯ow type, 16 packed-bed type, 17 rotating disk type, 18,19 corrugated-plate type, 20¯a t sheet polymeric membrane type, 21 thin ®lm cascade reactor type, 22 continuous¯ow bubble column type, 23 and falling ®lm type. 24 Some more improvements, however, are necessary to achieve the practical application of the photocatalytic reactors.…”