The Spider Genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Levi, Herbert W.

doi:10.2307/3223799

Cited by 103 publications

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“…Furthermore, spiders recorded from driftwood and flotsam at sea, suggest that water-borne spiders could also disperse over large distances (Foelix 1996) and adult L. hasselti can survive more than 300 days without food (Forster & Kavale 1989). This evidence may explain why L. katipo and L. atritus distributions span numerous geographic barriers such as headlands, estuaries, rivers and areas of open sea (Ͻ30 km) and may account for morphological, physiological and molecular similarities between the New Zealand Latrodectus fauna and L. hasselti, which is considered endemic to Australia (Parrott 1948;Levi 1959;Forster & Kingsford 1983;Garb et al 2004). As yet, however, the influence dispersal may have had on the biogeography of L. katipo and L. atritus has not been investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is no difference between the male pedipalp and female external and internal genitalia of the two species (Parrott 1948;Levi 1959) but that is often the case in Latrodectus (Levi 1983). Forster & Forster (1999) state that the most definitive morphological character that separates the two species is the dense covering of short, fine hairs on the body of L. katipo compared to the long fine hairs and stouter short hairs on L. hasselti.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Insights Into the Biogeography and Species Status of New Zealand's Endemic Latrodectus Spider Species; L. Katipo and L. Atritus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Griffiths

Paterson

Vink

2005

Journal of Arachnology

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ABSTRACT. New Zealand's endemic sand dune Latrodectus widow spider species, L. katipo and L. atritus, possess behavioral and physiological attributes likely to promote dispersal over large distances. Morphological, physiological and behavioral similarities between L. katipo and L. hasselti, an Australian endemic, suggest gene flow may occur across the Tasman Sea. In this study we examine intraspecific and interspecific genetic relationships within the ND1 gene region between L. katipo, L. atritus, L. hasselti and L. hesperus to assess whether the genetic evidence supports current taxonomic species designations. We found low interspecific pairwise distances among L. katipo and L. atritus populations, suggesting either introgression, incomplete lineage sorting, or that the current taxonomic distinction between the two species may be invalid. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses were inconclusive as to the relationships between the New Zealand Latrodectus species and the Australian L. hasselti. Low pairwise distances between L. hasselti and the New Zealand widow fauna indicated that L. katipo and L. atritus were not present in New Zealand before the fragmentation of Gondwana.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Insights Into the Biogeography and Species Status of New Zealand's Endemic Latrodectus Spider Species; L. Katipo and L. Atritus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Griffiths

Paterson

Vink

2005

Journal of Arachnology

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“…Males much smaller than females. Female genitalia with dumb-bell-shaped seminal vesicles (Levi 1959a;Levi & Randolph 1975).…”

Section: Genus Latrodectus Walckenaer 1805mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 is one of the most diverse families of spiders characterized by the presence of a distinct comb on the tarsus of the fourth pair of legs (Levi 1959a). The spiders of this family are kleptoparasitic and araneophagous and build webs of diverse architecture (Exline & Levi 1962;Elgar 1993;Agnarsson 2004).…”

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Additions to the araneofauna of Andhra Pradesh, India - part II. Records of interesting species of the comb-footed genera Latrodectus, Rhomphaea and Coleosoma (Araneae: Theridiidae)

Srinivasulu¹,

Javed²,

Seetharamaraju³

et al. 2013

J. Threat. Taxa

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“…É o que poderia explicar a ocorrência de L. geometricus quase restrita ao bairro da Pituba, onde existem ainda muitas áreas de vegetação próximas às residências. Esta espécie ocorre em ambientes domiciliares e peridomiciliares de todo o Brasil (Brescovit, 2002) e apesar de ser considerada por alguns autores como espécie de importância médica (Levi 1959e 1967, Jiménez 1998, Brescovit 2002) com registros recentes de acidentes no Estado de São Paulo (Cardoso et al, 2003), não há notificação de acidentes no Estado da Bahia.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Aranhas sinantrópicas em três bairros da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil (Arachnida, Araneae)

et al. 2005

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In order to evaluate which are the synanthropic spiders of Salvador and also to know if there exists any relationship between spider composition and time of urban occupation, this study analized 677 spiders, captured in three city neighbourhoods with different urbanization times: Santo Antonio Além do Carmo (300-400 years), Itapuã (100-300 years) and Pituba (less than 50 years). Sample size inside and outside of residences was calculated based on 10% district census and collections were carried out always by six collectors, who were also responsible for the interviews, totalling a sampling effort of 30 minutes/residence (n=71), from November/2002 to June/2003. Of a total of 329 adults, 13 species and 17 morfospecies distributed in 10 families, were recognized. Pholcidae (n=256), Oecobiidae (n=184) and Uloboridae (n=59) were the most abundant families. Oecobius concinnus, the only one Oecobiidae, appeared restricted to recent districts. Its unexpected absence in the oldest district suggests the existence of some limiting factor, that shows the need of more investigation on this poorly known species. In contrast, Smeringopus pallidus was more frequent in the oldest district and Physocyclus globosus (Pholcidae) occured in all three. There was significant differences in species abundance and structural organization of residences between the more ancient and the more recent districts. Thus, we suggest that the fact that the buildings structure remained untouched throughout the years is as a factor that favours the permanence of these species. Key words: synanthropic, spiders, residences, Salvador. ResumoPara avaliar quais as aranhas sinantrópicas de Salvador e relacionar a sua distribuição com a estrutura física das residências, e a composição das espécies com o tempo de ocupação urbana, investigou-se 3 bairros escolhidos segundo sua idade aproximada: Santo Antônio Além do Carmo (300-400 anos), Itapuã (100-300) e Pituba (menos de 50). A base amostral para residências correspondeu a 10% do setor censitário, com 6 capturadores realizando entrevistas concomitantes às capturas, nos domicílios e peridomicílios. Foram coletados 677 aranhas, 329 adultos, identificados em 13 espécies e 17 morfoespécies, distribuídas em 10 famílias, de novembro 2002 a junho 2003, num esforço amostral de 30 minutos/domicílio (n=71) ou peridomicílio. Pholcidae (n=256), Oecobiidae (n=184) e Uloboridae (n=59) foram as três famílias mais abundantes. Oecobius concinnus, única espécie de Oecobiidae registrada, esteve restrita aos bairros recentes e a sua ausência inesperada no bairro mais antigo sugere a existência de algum fator restritivo à sua permanência, havendo necessidade de continuar a investigação. Smeringopus pallidus foi mais freqüente no bairro mais antigo e Physocyclus globosus (Pholcidae) ocorreu nos três bairros. Houve diferença significativa tanto na abundância das espécies como na estrutura física dos domicílios entre os bairros mais antigo e mais recente, indicando que as características coloniais do primeiro devem favorece...

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The Spider Genus Latrodectus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Insights Into the Biogeography and Species Status of New Zealand's Endemic Latrodectus Spider Species; L. Katipo and L. Atritus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Molecular Insights Into the Biogeography and Species Status of New Zealand's Endemic Latrodectus Spider Species; L. Katipo and L. Atritus (Araneae, Theridiidae)

Additions to the araneofauna of Andhra Pradesh, India - part II. Records of interesting species of the comb-footed genera Latrodectus, Rhomphaea and Coleosoma (Araneae: Theridiidae)

Aranhas sinantrópicas em três bairros da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil (Arachnida, Araneae)

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