The spatial characteristics of precipitation and water-logging disaster during rainy season for urban planning in Xi’an

Planning for sustainable and ecological urban environment: Current trends and future developments

“…haze and acid rain) events are common. [7][8][9] Since urban landscape and natural interference are non-uniform, the urban environment shows heterogeneous properties at building-scale, communityscale, city-scale and regional-scale. More importantly, interactions between different spatial scales widely exist, which brings great difficulties for monitoring, simulation and control of the urban environment.…”

Urban development in the context of extreme flooding events

“…roads) and high-density building construction result in: (1) a large number of impermeable surfaces that destroyed the natural hydrological system; (2) changed boundary layer processes that affects atmospheric cycle. 7 The combined effects of hydrological and atmospheric system would lead to strong rainfalls, which can be mitigated by sustainable urban design strategies. 8 Increasing urban greening and reducing urban building density are beneficial in combating extreme meteorological events.…”

The Hybrid Modeling of Spatial Autoregressive Exogenous Using Casetti’s Model Approach for the Prediction of Rainfall

“…Moreover, these predictions contribute to the proficient handling of water resources, encompassing the regulation of river flow and reservoir management [10,11]. The availability of accurate rainfall information empowers optimal water utilization and mitigates flood and drought hazards, as well as plays a pivotal role in the management of natural calamities such as floods and landslides [12][13][14]. Informed by projected rainfall data, authorities can implement preventive measures such as early evacuation, timely alerts, and the construction of robust infrastructure.…”