The span of apprehension: Form Identification as a function of amount of information displayed

Lappin, Joseph S.; Ellis, Stephen H.

doi:10.3758/bf03210135

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A classic problem in the study of perception is determining how much is perceived and remembered from a brief presentation. In early studies, this problem was addressed by using the full report paradigm in which several letters were displayed and an observer was asked to report their identity (e.g., Lappin, 1967; Lappin & Ellis, 1970; Wolford & Hollingsworth, 1974; for a review of early work, see Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1964). In more recent studies, the problem has been redefined to distinguish between different processing limitations on performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information.

Palmer¹

1990

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

195

288

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Attentional limits on perception and memory were measured by the decline in performance with increasing numbers of objects in a display. Multiple objects were presented to Ss who discriminated visual attributes. In a representative condition, 4 lines were briefly presented followed by a single line in 1 of the same locations. Ss were required to judge if the single line in the 2nd display was longer or shorter than the line in the corresponding location of the 1st display. The length difference threshold was calculated as a function of the number of objects. The difference thresholds doubled when the number of objects was increased from 1 to 4. This effect was generalized in several ways, and nonattentional explanations were ruled out. Further analyses showed that the attentional processes must share information from at least 4 objects and can be described by a simple model.

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confidence: 99%

Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information.

Palmer¹

1990

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

195

288

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“…A vast literature has found that VWM capacity limits of about 3-5 independent objects are (a) robust over many different types of objects and response methods, (b) minimally affected by the number of dimensions of each object, (c) selectable from larger sets of displayed objects, and (d) potentially composed of meaningful patterns, words, or "chunks" (e.g., Averbach & Coriell, 1961;Eriksen & Lappin, 1967;Fougnie & Marois, 2006;Lappin, 1967;Lappin & Ellis, 1970;Luck & Vogel, 1997Miller, 1956;Pratte, Park, Rademaker, & Tong, 2017;Sperling, 1960;Vogel, Woodman, & Luck, 2001;Woodworth & Schlossberg, 1954;Zhang & Luck, 2011). An important question, however, is whether this limitation involves only memory for previous observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Limiting Channel Capacity of Visual Perception: Spreading Attention Divides the Rates of Perceptual Processes

Lappin

Seiffert

Bell

2020

Atten Percept Psychophys

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This study investigated effects of divided attention on the temporal processes of perception. During continuous watch periods, observers responded to sudden changes in the color or direction of any one of a set of moving objects. The set size of moving objects was a primary variable. A simple detection task required responses to any display change, and a selective task required responses to a subset of the changes. Detection rates at successive points in time were measured by response time (RT) hazard functions.The principal finding was that increasing the set size divided the detection rates-and these divisive effects were essentially constant over time and over the time-varying influence of the target signals and response tasks. The set size, visual target signal, and response task exerted mutually invariant influence on detection rates at given times, indicating independent joint contributions of parallel component processes. The lawful structure of these effects was measured by RT hazard functions but not by RTs as such. The results generalized the time-invariant divisive effects of set size on visual process rates found by Lappin, Morse, & Seiffert (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 78, 2469-2493. These findings suggest that the rate of visual perception has a limiting channel capacity.

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“…Existing data, obtained from errors in identification tasks, would probably lead one to expect that (1) the two-dimensional codes (D, F-2) should be superior to the one-dimensional codes (F-1, R) (see Garner, 1962), and that (2) information should be more effectively carried by multiple dimensions with the redundancy in separate forms [i.e., F-2 better than D, and F-l better than R) (Lappin, 1967;Lappin & Ellis, 1970).…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the identity of these elementary components is not often specified, their existence is implicit in most theory and research concerned with an S's limited capacity for processing stimulation (e.g., Broadbent, 1958;Miller, 1956;Norman, 1969). That is, a limited capacity is usually described by the number of elements processed per unit time by various components of the processing mechanism (Estes & Taylor, 1966;Lappin & Ellis, 1970;Sperling, 1967;Sternberg, 1966). Major research problems have concerned the interactionsindependence, interdependence, and interference-among discrete stimulus items presented in close temporal proximity [e.g., Broadbent, 1958;Eriksen & Lappin, 1967;Kristofferson, 1967;Lappin, 1967;Garner & Morton, 1969;Gamer & Flowers, 1969).…”

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confidence: 99%

The encoding of perceptual information in the organization of individual stimulus patterns

Lappin

Snyder

Blackburn

1971

Perception & Psychophysics

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Two experiments compared the effectiveness of variable physical dimensions and relationships among the components of individual stimulus patterns as means for encoding perceptual information. Four different codes were constructed in which letters (A through P) were represented by redundant combinations of the shape and brightness of the four component forms in each stimulus pattern. Three of the codes differed in terms of the physical variables that were redundant, and a fourth code was designed to simplify the relationships within individual stimulus patterns. Ss were asked to identify each pattern by naming its letter label as rapidly as possible. Differences in the speed of identification between codes and between individual patterns within codes indicated that perceptual information was effectively encoded by thõ rganization of relationships within individual stimulus patterns. The representation of stimulation in terms of relationships among components has several implications for models of human information processing.

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The span of apprehension: Form Identification as a function of amount of information displayed

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information.

Attentional limits on the perception and memory of visual information.

A Limiting Channel Capacity of Visual Perception: Spreading Attention Divides the Rates of Perceptual Processes

The encoding of perceptual information in the organization of individual stimulus patterns

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