The encoding of perceptual information in the organization of individual stimulus patterns

Lappin, Joseph S.; Snyder, C. R.; Blackburn, Cheryl

doi:10.3758/bf03214332

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Evidence for an advantage in encoding (Cattell, 1886;Freeman, 1916) and retention (Attneave, 1954) for good forms is quite old. This is not the place to present an exhaustive review of the literature on the matter, but we can point out that the modern literature supports a facilitation by good form in both remembering patterns and in encoding or recognizing patterns (Checkosky & Whitlock, 1973;Clement & Varnadoe, 1967;Clement & Weiman, 1970;Garner, 1974;Lappin, Snyder, & Blackburn, 1971;Royer, 1971;Yin, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Figural goodness effects in perception and memory

Mermelstein

Banks

Prinzmetal

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

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There is an apparent contradiction concerning configurational effects in visual information processing. Some studies have shown that when an array is organized into a "good" or unitary Gestalt, analysis of a single part of it is facilitated, while others have shown "good" arrays to impede search for a part. The three experiments reported here support the proposition that goodness of form can facilitate performance when memory is used, but that goodness impairs strictly perceptual search for a part of an array. These experiments compare detection of a single feature in faces (unitary figures) and nonfaces. They show that when the face or nonface is presented before the target feature (and must be held in memory), performance is better for faces than for nonfaces. When the target is presented before the face or nonface and perceptual search is required, faces give worse performance than nonfaces. Implications for perceptual phenomena, including the object-superiority and wordsuperiority effects, are discussed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Figural goodness effects in perception and memory

Mermelstein

Banks

Prinzmetal

1979

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…A third question is why a stimulus such as 8h, which is apparently susceptible to several different schema-plus-correction encodings, should be more difficult to encode than astimulus susceptible only to one or to none at all, in keeping with the correlation between number of implicit alternatives and difficulty of encoding. The most basic question, of course, is whether the implicit alternatives playacausal role in the encoding process or whether they are just a by-product, as Lappin has argued (1971;Lappin, Snyder, & Blackburn, 1971). …”

Section: Implicit Alternatives To a Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit alternatives to a stimulus, difficulty of encoding, and schema-plus-correction representation

Bear

1974

Memory & Cognition

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Garner has hypothesized that a S exposed to a stimulus infers alternatives to it. Data are reviewed which establish a elose correlation between the number of implicit alternatives to astimulus and the difficulty of encoding that stimulus. This correlation provides a datum to be explained and suggests that the identification of specific implicit alternatives may provide elues to the encoding process. For dot patterns of a certain kind, it has been suggested that the rotations and reflections of a stimulus are its only alternatives, but a elose examination of certain data indicates that, for many of these patterns, the alternatives also inelude one or rnore other patterns which differ from the stimulus only in the position of a single dot and which locate that dot in a position where it is more predictable from the other dots. It is suggested that the one-dot-different alternatives represent schemas used in schema-plus-correction encoding.

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Transformation-invariant cues in the recognition of simple visual patterns

Lappin

1971

Perception & Psychophysics

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Two alternative hypotheses about the discriminative cues in visual patterns were tested by comparing the speed with which Ss could apply two different classification rules for identifying a set of 16 simple dot patterns, consisting of four groups of four transformations. One rule required discrimination between groups of transformations, and another rule required discrimination between transfonnations within groups. The patterns within a transfonnation group were less similar in their positioning of dots than were patterns of the same transformation in different groups. Speed of identification, however, was more rapid for the discrimination between groups than for the discrimination of transformations within groups and was also invariant with respect to the specific transformations included in the same category under the between-groups classification rule. The discriminative cues in these patterns were thus indicated to be relationships among dots that remained invariant under the group of transfonnations.

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The encoding of perceptual information in the organization of individual stimulus patterns

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Figural goodness effects in perception and memory

Figural goodness effects in perception and memory

Implicit alternatives to a stimulus, difficulty of encoding, and schema-plus-correction representation

Transformation-invariant cues in the recognition of simple visual patterns

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