The Soviet Union Outgoing Tourism in 1955-1985: Volume, Geography, Organizational Forms

Tourism in the Soviet Carpathians: Accommodation facilities for qualified tourism in the Eastern Carpathians (Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblast) in the 1970s and 1980s

“…The move towards mass tourism served the purpose of creating specific social attitudes and in the new system, the focus was on elements of both mental and physical regeneration along with the formation of ideology. Tourism infrastructure was nationalized and under the Central Council of Trade Unions, with the exception of some holiday facilities which were the property of individual institutions or factories (Chazov, 1983;Gorsuch, 2003;Jackowski, 1979;Maurer, 2006;Orlov, 2014;Palmer, 2011;Quirini-Popławski, 2015).…”

Turystyka w sowieckich Karpatach. Infrastruktura noclegowa dla turystyki kwalifikowanej w latach 70. i 80. XX wieku na obszarze Karpat Wschodnich (obwody lwowski i iwanofrankowski)

“…Infrastruktura turystyczna została upaństwowiona i podlegała Centralnej Radzie Związków Zawodowych. Wyjątek stanowiły wybrane domy wypoczynkowe będące własnością poszczególnych urzędów, instytucji czy zakładów pracy (Chazov, 1983;Gorsuch, 2003;Jackowski, 1979;Maurer, 2006;Orlov, 2014;Palmer, 2011;Quirini-Popławski, 2015).…”

Russian Women Traveling: A Sociocultural Perspective

“…In addition, before the trip the tourists received the rules about being abroad: people should not walk around the city alone, participation in any destination nightlife was forbidden, and they should not be in contact with any local person abroad. The government did not want Soviet tourists to receive the "wrong" information about how life could be organized; people could also bring this "poorly oriented" information to the USSR and disorient other citizens (Orlov, 2014). For example, people could see that life conditions abroad are better than in the USSR and authorities were afraid that people would see that communism is not a paradise after all.…”

“…Youth tourism is politically dependent (Orlov, 2014) and only "safe" destinations were open to visit. Svetlana and Marina mentioned Southern destinations.…”

“…The theme connected to the application process came up during the Soviet adulthood stage of four women: Anna, Svetlana, Marina and Anastasia. As mentioned earlier, the selection process relied upon certain translucent criteria, such as self-discipline at work and at home and his or her moral life standards (Orlov, 2014;Shevirin, 2009). These women again underlined the importance of being chosen.…”