The Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE)—introduction and summary

Boyd, Philip W.; Law, Cliff S.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(01)00002-9

Cited by 191 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The first mesoscale iron enrichments in the Equatorial Pacific, IRONEX I and II (Coale et al, 1996;Martin et al, 1994), and in the Southern Ocean, SOIREE, (Boyd and Law, 2001), have answered in the affirmative by dramatic demonstration of intense phytoplankton growth after relief of iron limitation. However, there is still much to be learnt from iron enrichment experiments, notably insight into mechanisms of biogeochemical cycling of iron and other nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. concentrations increased at the depth of the chlorophyll maximum when iron concentrations returned to pre-infusion concentrations (b80 pM) possibly due to biological production related to iron reductase activity.In this work, Fe(II) and dissolved iron were used as tracers themselves for subsequent iron infusions when no further SF 6 was added. EisenEx was subject to periods of weak and strong mixing. Slow mixing after the second infusion allowed significant concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe to exist for several days. During this time, dissolved and total iron in the infusion plume behaved almost conservatively as it was trapped between a relict mixed layer and a new rain-induced mixed layer. Using dissolved iron, a value for the vertical diffusion coefficient K z =6.7F0.7 cm 2 s À1 was obtained for this 2-day period. During a subsequent surface survey of the iron-enriched patch, elevated levels of Fe(II) were found in surface waters presumably from Fe(II) dissolved in the rainwater that was falling at this time.Model results suggest that the reaction between uncomplexed Fe(III) and O 2 À was a significant source of Fe(II) during EisenEx and helped to maintain high levels of Fe(II) in the water column. This phenomenon may occur in iron enrichment experiments when two conditions are met: (i) When Fe is added to a system already saturated with regard to organic complexation and (ii) when mixing processes are slow, thereby reducing the dispersion of iron into under-saturated waters. D

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, except for the single iron addition experiments of IronEx I, SEEDS-1, and FeeP (Martin et al, 1994;Rees et al, 2007), to maintain an iron-fertilized patch, most of the OIF experiments conducted multiple iron additions at the patch centre. These multiple addition experiments included: (2 additions) EIFEX, SERIES, SEEDS-2, LOHAFEX (Boyd et al, 2005;Smetacek 15 et al, 2012;Martin et al, 2013), (3 additions) IronEx-2, EisenEx, SOFeX-N (Coale et al, 1996;Gervais et al, 2002;Coale et al, 2004;Nishioka et al, 2005), and (4 additions) SOIREE, SOFeX-S, SAGE (Boyd and Law, 2001;Coale et al, 2004;Harvey et al, 2010) (Table 1).…”

Section: Tracing the Effects Of Iron Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In physically based approaches, surface-drifting buoys equipped with Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography (ARGO) and Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors have been used to map moving fertilized patches in space and time (Coale et al, 1998;Boyd and Law, 2001;Law et al, 2006;Martin et al, 2013). Buoy position can be transmitted to the ship every 5-10 min.…”

Section: Tracing the Effects Of Iron Additionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depletion of macro-nutrients in fertilized patches provides indirect evidence that phytoplankton growth in surface waters is driven by iron fertilization (Boyd and Law, 2001). Significant nitrate uptake (i.e., ΔNitrate = [NO 3 -] post-fertilization -10…”

Section: Biogeochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During IronEx-2, SOIREE, EisenEx, SEEDS-1, SOFeX-S, 30 SERIES, and EIFEX, the dominant phytoplankton community tended to shift from pico-and nano-plankton to microplankton, resulting in diatom-dominated phytoplankton blooming, a key component for biological pump enhancement (Landry et al, 2000;Boyd and Law, 2001;Gervais et al, 2002;Coale et al, 2004;Boyd et al, 2005;Hoffmann et al, 2006;Harvey et al, 2010). However, there were no observations on taxonomic shift toward diatomdominated phytoplankton communities in other OIF experiments (Coale et al, 1998;Coale et al, 2004;Rees et al, 2007;35 Tsuda et al, 2007;Peloquin et al, 2011;Martin et al, 2013).…”

Section: Biogeochemical Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

Yoon

Yoo

Macdonald³

et al. 2016

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Since the start of the industrial revolution, human activities have caused a rapid increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, which have in turn been cited as the cause of a variety climate changes such as global warming and ocean acidification. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. The 'Martin (or Iron) Hypothesis' suggests that ocean iron fertilization (OIF) should be an efficient method for stimulating the biological pump in iron-limited high nutrient-low chlorophyll regions. To test the Martin hypothesis, a total 13 OIF experiments have been 20 performed since 1990 in the Southern Ocean (7 times), in the subarctic Pacific (3 times), in the equatorial Pacific (twice), and in the subtropical Atlantic (once). These OIF field experiments demonstrated that primary production could be significantly increased after artificial iron addition. However, export production efficiency revealed by the OIF experiments was unexpectedly low compared to production from natural processes in all, except one of the experiments (i.e., the Southern Ocean European Iron Fertilization Experiment, EIFEX). These results, including side effects such as N 2 O production and 25 hypoxia development, have been scientifically debated amongst those who support and oppose OIF experimentation. In the context of increasing global and political concerns associated with climate change, it is valuable to examine the validity and usefulness of the OIF. We provide a general overview of the OIF experiments conducted over the last 25 years (past), a discussion of OIF considerations including possible side effects (present), and an introduction to the OIF experiment plan currently being designed by Korean oceanographers (future). 30

show abstract

The contribution of aeolian sand and dust to iron fertilization of phytoplankton blooms in southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica

Winton

Dunbar

Bertler

et al. 2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Iron is a limiting micronutrient for primary production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Recent observations reveal low dissolved Fe (dFe) concentrations in the Ross Sea polynya following high initial rates of primary production in summer, after the dFe winter reserve has been consumed. Significant new sources of dFe are therefore required to further sustain phytoplankton blooms. Iron from aeolian sand and dust (ASD) released from melting sea ice is one potential source. To constrain aeolian Fe inputs, we determined ASD mass accumulation rates and the total and soluble Fe content of ASD on sea ice in McMurdo Sound, southwestern (SW) Ross Sea. The mean mass accumulation rate was~1.5 g m À2 yr À1, total Fe content of this ASD was 4 ± 1 wt %, and the percentage of soluble Fe was 11 ± 1%. Our mean estimate of the bulk aeolian dFe flux of 122.1 μmol m À2 yr À1 for the McMurdo Sound region suggests that aeolian Fe can support between 9.0 × 10 9 and 4.1 × 10 11 mol C yr À1 (0.1-4.9 Tg C yr À1) of new primary production. This equates to only~15% of new primary production in the SW Ross Sea, suggesting that aeolian dFe is a minor component of seasonal Fe supply. The very high ASD accumulation on sea ice in McMurdo Sound compared to other regions of Antarctica suggests that our results represent the upper limit of dFe supply to the ocean from this source in the Ross Sea.

show abstract

The Southern Ocean Iron RElease Experiment (SOIREE)—introduction and summary

Cited by 191 publications

References 54 publications

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

Spatial and temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment

Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiments: Past–Present–Future with Introduction to Korean Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Southern Ocean (KIFES) Project

The contribution of aeolian sand and dust to iron fertilization of phytoplankton blooms in southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About