The Southern Form of the Pilot Whale

Davies, J. L.

doi:10.2307/1376514

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The authors also stated that the two subspecies do not qualify as Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU) according to the reciprocal monophyly criterion of Moritz (1994) 21 , only reporting restrictions to gene flow among the areas of distribution mainly based on differences in the frequency of shared haplotypes. In the study of Oremus et al, (2009), preliminary genetic data support a biogeographic scenario previously proposed by Davies (1960) 22 . A colonization event from south to north would have taken place through a founder effect, followed by demographic population growth.…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

“…Southern Hemisphere long-finned pilot whales were originally described as a distinct species, G. leucosagmaphora 15 , but eventually ranked as one of the two subspecies of G. melas 16 , based on observations of the coloration pattern and morphology 16,17 . Sergeant (1962) stated that he found only minor differences in coloration and none in external morphology between specimens from the two hemispheres, albeit being in agreement with the subspecies classification proposed by Davies (1960) 16 . The author also expressed the need of including samples from additional localities, in order to assess the variation of the colour pattern in the subspecies, as also recommended by other authors 18 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Kraft

Pérez-Álvarez

Olavarría

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The matrilineal long-finned pilot whale presents an antitropical distribution and is divided into two subspecies, one in the temperate seas of the Southern Hemisphere and the other restricted to the north Atlantic and Mediterranean. Until now, population genetic and phylogeographic studies have included localities of most of its Northern Hemisphere distribution, while only the southwestern Pacific has been sampled in the Southern Hemisphere. We add new genetic data from the southeastern Pacific to the published sequences. Low mitochondrial and nuclear diversity was encountered in this new area, as previously reported for other localities. four haplotypes were found with only one new for the species. fifteen haplotypes were detected in the global dataset, underlining the species' low diversity. As previously reported, the subspecies shared two haplotypes and presented a strong phylogeographic structure. the extant distribution of this species has been related to dispersal events during the Last Glacial Maximum. Using the genetic data and Approximate Bayesian calculations, this study supports this historical biogeographic scenario. from a taxonomic perspective, even if genetic analyses do not support the subspecies category, this study endorses the incipient divergence process between hemispheres, thus maintaining their status and addressing them as Demographically independent populations is recommended. Cetaceans have a diverse-and many times contrasting-array of geographic distributions. Some of the widest ranging species include the cosmopolitan sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus 1 and the orca Orcinus orca 2. Other species, especially small-sized odontocetes, generally present coastal and more restricted distributions, like the extreme case of the vaquita, Phocoena sinus 3. Some cetaceans have a particular distribution pattern known as disjunct or antitropical, in which the taxon is present at high latitudes in both hemispheres while being absent from lower latitudes 4. Examples include the mysticete genus Eubalaena, with E. borealis inhabiting the North Pacific, E. japonica the North Atlantic and their austral equivalent in the Southern Hemisphere, E. australis 5. The phocoenid species pair Phocoena phocoena and P. spinipinnis is another example, found in the Northern Hemisphere and the coasts of South America, respectively 6. Among delphinids, the two Lissodelphis species also present this antitropical distribution pattern; L. peronii is present around the Southern Hemisphere, while L. borealis is found in the North Pacific 7. A similar antitropical distribution is presented by the two subspecies of long-finned pilot whales Globicephala melas, where G. m. edwardii inhabits the temperate to subpolar waters of the Southern Hemisphere, while G. m. melas is restricted to the North Atlantic 8. Extinct populations of long-finned pilot whales have been reported in the North Pacific, from Japan 9 and Alaska 10 , dating back 8 000-12 000 years and 2 500-3 500 years, respectively 9,10. Pilot whales are a highly social ...

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supporting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Kraft

Pérez-Álvarez

Olavarría

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, haplotype frequencies were significantly different ( F ST = 0.427, P < 0.001), indicating strong restrictions on current gene flow between these populations. The sharing of mtDNA haplotypes and the absence of clear morphological differences between the two populations (Davis, 1960) would not support a species ranking under most species concepts (Reeves et al ., 2004). Thus, the results of the present study are consistent with the current species delimitation in LFPW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide mitochondrial DNA diversity and phylogeography of pilot whales (Globicephala spp.)

Oremus

Gales²,

Dalebout

et al. 2009

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

105

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Pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) provide an interesting example of recently diverged oceanic species with a complex evolutionary history. The two species have wide but largely non-overlapping ranges. Globicephala melas (longfinned pilot whale; LFPW) has an antitropical distribution and is found in the cold-temperate waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere, whereas Globicephala macrorhynchus (short-finned pilot whale; SFPW) has a circumglobal distribution and is found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. To investigate pilot whale evolution and biogeography, we analysed worldwide population structure using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences (up to 620 bp) from a variety of sources (LFPW = 643; SFPW = 150), including strandings in New Zealand and Tasmania, and whale-meat products purchased on the markets of Japan and Korea. Phylogenetic reconstructions failed to support a reciprocal monophyly of the two species, despite six diagnostic substitutions, possibly because of incomplete lineage sorting or inadequate phylogenetic information. Both species had low haplotype and nucleotide diversity compared to other abundant widespread cetaceans (LFPW, p = 0.35%; SFPW, p = 0.87%) but showed strong mtDNA differentiation between oceanic basins. Strong levels of structuring were also found at the regional level. In LFPW, phylogeographic patterns were suggestive either of a recent demographic expansion or selective sweep acting on the mtDNA. For SFPW, the waters around Japan appear to represent a centre of diversity, with two genetically-distinct forms, as well as a third population of unknown origin. The presence of multiple unique haplotypes among SFPW from South Japan, together with previously documented morphological and ecological differences, suggests that the southern form represents a distinct subspecies and/or evolutionary significant unit.

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“…Geographic variations of these two species are discussed in the literature (Cope 1876; Rayner 1939; Davies 1960, Sergeant 1962 a , b ; Yonekura et al 1980; Gaskin 1982; Kasuya et al 1988; Bloch and Lastein 1993; Bloch et al 1993 b ; Jefferson et al 2008), though few morphometric and pigmentation comparisons have been made between these two species, particularly those found in the northwest Atlantic. Morphological (Yonekura et al 1980, Kasuya et al 1988, Bloch and Lastein 1993, ICES 1993, Perryman and Lynn 1993, Wang et al 2000) and pigmentation (Perrin 1972, Yonekura et al 1980, Evans et al 1982, Baird and Stacey 1988, Koopman and Gaskin 1994, Pitman and Ensor 2003) analyses have been accepted methods for discriminating among other species and subpopulations of odontocetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple photograph‐based approach for discriminating between free‐ranging long‐finned (Globicephala melas) and short‐finned (G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales off the east coast of the United States

Rone¹,

Pace

2011

Marine Mammal Science

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A simple photograph-based approach for discriminating between free-ranging long-finned (Globicephala melas) and short-finned (G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales off the east coast of the United States Rone, Brenda K. and Pace, Richard M. III, "A simple photograph-based approach for discriminating between free-ranging long-finned (Globicephala melas) and short-finned (G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales off the east coast of the United States" (2011 ABSTRACTLine transect based abundance estimation is complicated for long-finned (LFPW, Globicephala melas) and short-finned (SFPW, G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales because of their similarity in appearance and their overlapping summertime range in some areas. We developed a photograph-based approach to distinguish between species of free-ranging pilot whales in the northwest Atlantic. We collected skin samples and photographs during the summers of 2004-2007 and used skin samples to distinguish species based on mitochondrial DNA. Relative morphometric measurements from photographs were examined using mixed-effect models and logistic regression. The best model among 94 candidate models had an overall classification error rate of 2.5%. We tested the presence/absence of pigmentation in four regions of the dorsal body (melon, eye, cape, and saddle) for differences. Pigmentation was present in all four regions in 100% of the SFPWs sampled. Melon patch, blaze, and saddle patch pigmentation were present in 6%, 68%, and 50%, respectively, of the LFPWs, but the cape was completely absent. Both types of analyses provided positive species discrimination of free-ranging animals. We created a cost-effective, simple tool which could ultimately assist in providing appropriate management, mitigation, and conservation strategies for both northwest Atlantic species of pilot whales.

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The Southern Form of the Pilot Whale

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas, with new data from the southeastern Pacific

Worldwide mitochondrial DNA diversity and phylogeography of pilot whales (Globicephala spp.)

A simple photograph‐based approach for discriminating between free‐ranging long‐finned (Globicephala melas) and short‐finned (G. macrorhynchus) pilot whales off the east coast of the United States

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